238 CONSERVATIVE ORGANS. [LECT. V. 



epispastics ; the roots of the Florentine Iris, Iris 

 Florentines, and of White Hellebore, Veratrum al- 

 bum, as errhines, to stimulate the olfactory nerves 

 and promote a discharge from the nostrils ; while 

 Pellitory root, Athemis Pyrethrum, and the roots 

 of Mezereon, Daphne Mezereon, Horse-radish, 

 Cochlearia Armor acia, and Cuckow-pint, Arum 

 maculatum, contain acrid matters which, when 

 the roots are masticated, stimulate the salivary 

 glands, or act as local sialagogues. From Ce- 

 phaelis Ipecacuanha we obtain our most useful 

 emetic ; and several other roots, as those of Viola 

 parviflora, V. Ipecacuanha and V. Calceolaria, 

 Cynanchum Ipecacuanha and C. tomentosum, 

 Dorstenia Brasiliensis and D. arifolia, possess 

 also useful emetic properties. The best Cathar- 

 tics are obtained from roots, as, for example, 

 those of Rhubarb, Rheum palmatum, of Jalap, 

 Convolvulus Jalapa, Scammony, Convolvulus 

 Scammonia, Bryony, Bryonia alba ; and that fa- 

 vourite of the ancients, black Hellebore, Hellebo- 

 rus niger. The roots of Burdock, Arctium Lappa, 

 Eryngo, Eryngium maritimum, and Dandelion, 

 Leontodon Taraxacum, are diuretic, or augment 

 the urinary discharge: as remedies possessing 

 the power of increasing the natural exhalation by 

 the skin, or diaphoretics, we may mention Snake- 

 root, Aristolochia serpentaria, the roots of Contra- 

 yerva, Dorstenia Contrayerva, and of Mountain 



