LECT. X.] ANATOMY OF LEAVES. 545 



which are never productive while they remain 

 attached to the parent. These leaves, however, 

 closely resemble the scales of the scaly bulbs; 

 each scale of which produces a young bulb when it 

 is separated from the others on the same caudex, 

 and planted, although one new bulb only is the 

 result of the united functions of all the scales, when 

 they are allowed to remain as aggregated parts of 

 the adult bulb: and the explanation which has 

 been already given (see pages 176-177) of this 

 circumstance, as it occurs in bulbs, is appli- 

 cable to its occurrence in this description of 

 leaves *. 



* It is rather extraordinary, that although the inhabitants 

 of the Radick islands, lately discovered in the Pacific Ocean 

 (see Kotzebue's Voyage J, are aware of this fact, and constantly 

 raise their Taro, Arum esculentum, by planting the leaves ; 

 yet, it was unknown in Europe until the middle of the seven- 

 teenth century ; when Agostino Mandirola, an Italian minorite 

 of the Franciscan order, first described the art in a small 

 work entitled, Manuale de Giardinieri, published at Venice, in 

 the year 1684?. The leaves he planted were those of the Cedar 

 and the Lemon, and the mode of conducting the operation, 

 which he thus describes, is, I believe, still followed : " Ho 

 " preso un vaso pieno di buonnissima terra sottile e grassa, poi 

 " intorno all orificio vi ho posto le foglie con il gambo sotto terra 

 " tanto che resti meza la folia sopra; posciaho fatto un' orcio- 

 " letto d' acqua che a stilla inaffiasse esse foglie, almo do detto di 

 " sopra, aggiongendovi sempre terra nel scavo dell acqua, ed in 

 " tal modo hanno fatto presa, e gettato fuora le vergelette 

 " in breve tempo." For other particulars on this subject see 

 Beckmans Hist, of Inventions, vol. iii. p. 426. Trans. 



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