44 ENDOSMOSE. L.ECT. III. 



LECTURE III. 



ENDOSMOSE. 



ARGUMENT. Endosmose and Exosmose ; explanation of the terms ; Du- 

 trochet's endosmometer ; membranes and other solids through which 

 endosmose takes place ; liquids which effect it ; velocity and intensity 

 of the current; its direction affected by the density and temperature of 

 the liquid; its force. Theory of endosmose. Endosmose of organized 

 cells. Matteucci and Cima's experiments; double -action endosmome- 

 ter; arrangement of the membranes used in three classes. 



Class 1. Skins of the torpedo, frog, and eel ; influence on the current 

 of the direction of the surface of the skins of their fresh or dried 

 state of the skin of different regions and of the nature of the liquid. 



Class 2. Mucous membrane of the stomachs of the lamb, dog, and cat, 

 and of the gizzard of the fowl; influence on the current of the 

 direction of the surface of the membrane and of the nature of the 

 liquid. 



Class 3. Mucous membrane of the bladders of the ox and pig ; influence 

 on the current of the direction of the surface of the membrane of 

 its fresh, dried, and putrid state and of the nature of the liquid. 



General conclusions. 



Dutrochet's explanation of exosmose stated and objected to. 



Physiological applications; the current is promoted, in skins, in the 

 direction towards the secreting surface ; relation of this phenomenon 

 to secretion; absorption from mucous membranes; nutrition of ovules 

 of Mammalia, and opening of the sperm-sacs of the Cephalopoda^ 

 effected by endosmose; endosmose of organized cells; endosmotic action 

 of purgatives ; endosmose of liquids in motion ; remarkable influence 

 of hydrochlorate of morphia on endosmose. 



HAVING considered the phenomena of capillary attraction 

 and imbibition, it becomes necessary, in order that you 

 may be enabled to apply your knowledge of these subjects 

 to the functions of exhalation and absorption, that I should 



