LIST OF THE WOODCUTS. 



Figures. Page 



1. Hales's apparatus for ascertaining the force with which powders 



imbibe moisture ..... 39 



2. Hales's apparatus for ascertaining the force with which plants 



imbibe moisture ..... 40 



3. Endosmometer ...... 46 



4. Double-action endosmometer .... 53 



5. Apparatus to illustrate physical absorption . 86 



6. Hales's experiment to ascertain the force of the sap of the vine 94 



7. Extremity of intestinal villus . . . . Ill 



8. One of the arborescent processes, forming the gills of Doris John- 



stoni, separated and enlarged . . . . 118 



9. Phosphorescent organs of glow-worms . . ' . 171 



10. The galvanoscopic frog , . . . . 177 



11. The muscular pile . . . . 181 



12. Torpedo with one of its electrical organs exposed . 194 



13. Torpedo placed between the sole and cover of an electrophorus 196 



14. Electrical organ of the torpedo .... 198 



15. Brain and cerebral nerves of the torpedo . . . 200 



16. Electrical organs of the torpedo and gymnotns compared 206 



17. Experiment to illustrate the action of a direct aad an inverse cur- 



rent on the nerves of a frog .... 231 



18. Three views of Breguet's apparatus for measuring the contrac- 



tions of muscles produced by the electric current . < 238 



19. Masson's apparatus .' . . 249 



20. Experiment illustrative of induced contraction . 264 



21. Fragments of Striped Elementary Fibres '. . 298 



22. Structure of the ultimate fibrillae of striated muscular fibre 299 



23. The Anatomy of the Heart .... 313 



24. Red Corpuscles of Human Blood .... 316 



25. Poiseuille's ha?mo-dynamometer . . - - . . 324 



26. A Front View of Ligaments of Larynx . . . 333 



