A SYNOPSIS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



series : stamens oo or definite, inserted on the often 

 small or raised or stipitate receptacle : ovary very 

 generally free. 



Cohort 1. Ranales. Stamens <» or if definite then 

 the perianth in 3- oc series: carpels distinct from each 

 other, or immersed in receptacle : endosperm usually 

 abundant, fleshy. 



A. Sepals 5 or fewer : petals in 



about 1 series 



B. Seeds not arillate : sepals 

 deciduous, usually col- 

 ored. Herbs or shrubs.l. Ranuncclace^. 

 BB. Seeds arillate : sepals per- 

 s i s t e n t herbaceous. 



Shrubs or trees 2. Dilleniace.e. 



aa. Sepals or petals in 2- x se- 

 ries : perianth of 3- oc se- 

 ries, sometimes wanting. 



B. I*Iants not aquatic 



c. Perianth wanting : sta- 

 mens numerous : fls. 

 polygamous, dicecious 



or perfect 3. Teochodendrace.e. 



cc. Perianth present 



D. Petals and stamens 

 mostly indefinite. . 

 B. Torus tubular, in- 

 closing carpels : 

 albumen : leaves 



opposite. Shrubs. 3a. Calvcanthace.e. 

 EE. Torus short or long, 

 bearing carpels 

 outside : albumen 

 copious : Ivs. alter- 

 nate. Woody 



plants 4. Magnoliace.e. 



DD. Petals and stamens 

 mostly multiples of 

 3 or 2 : leaves al- 

 ternate 



e. Stamens and car- 

 pels usually nu- 

 merous. Shrubs or 



trees •'>. Anonace.e. 



ee. Stamens usually (! : 

 ovule solitary : 

 carpels 3. Mostly 

 woody or herba- 

 ceous Tines 6. Meni.spei!Mace.b. 



EEB. stamens 4 or 6 : 

 ovules anatropous 

 with an inferior 

 micropyle, or or- 

 thotropous : c a r- 

 pels 1 or 3. IIiM-bs 



or shrubs 7. Berberidace.e. 



BB. Plants aquatic 8. Nimph.eace^. 



Cohort 2. Parietales. Stamens <z> or definite ■ 

 ovary 1-celled, or divided Into cells by spurious parti- 

 tions; placentae parietal: endosperm absent or fleshy. 



A. Embryo minute, near the 

 base of the fleshy albu- 

 men 



B. Pitcher plants 9. Sarraceniace-E. 



BB. Not pitcher plants 



c. Petals all alike, or 



nearly so 10. Papaver.ice.e. 



cc. Petals in two series, 

 the inner unlike the 



outer 11. Fumariace.e. 



AA. Embryo curved : albumen 







B. Stamens 6. tetradyna- 



mous, rarely 4 ....'...12. CRticiFER.E. 

 BB. Stamens Indefinite or If 



few not tetradynamous.l3. Capparidace.S). 

 EBB. Stamens usually indefi- 

 nite, not covered in 

 festivatiou by the small 



„ petals 14. RESEDACE.E. 



AAA. Embryo rather large : albu- 

 men fleshy 



E. Radicle remote from hi- 

 lum : ovule generally 



orthotropous 15. Cistace.e. 



BB. Radicle very near hilum : 

 ovule anatropous, or In 



No. 16 sometimes am- 



phitropous 



0. Anthers dehisce in- 



trorsely 16. V10LACE.E. 



cc. Anthers dehisce by api- 

 cal cracks or pores. 

 Woody plants IT. Bixace.e. 



Cohort 3. Polygalales. Stamens as many or twice 

 as many as petals : carpels usually 2 : ovary usually 

 perfectly or Imperfectly 2-celled : micropyle superior : 

 endosperm very often abundant and fleshy. 



a. FIs. regular or slightly ob- 

 lique 



B. Stamens .5. as many as 

 sepals or petals. Woody 



plants 18. PiTTOSPORACE.E. 



BB. stamens twice as many 

 as sepals or petals, 

 which are usually 4-5, 

 rarely 3. Woody 



plants 19. Tremandrace«. 



AA. Fls. irregular ; herbaceous 



or woody 20. Polvgalace.e. 



Cohort 4. Caryophyllale.s. Stamens definite, rare- 

 ly 00 : ovary 1-celled or Imperfectly septate : placenta 

 central, rarely parietal: micropyle inferior; embryo 

 curved, rarely straight : endosperm farinaceous. 



A. Petals as many as sepals 

 or rarely : sepals free 



or calyx gamosepalous. . 21. Cabyophyllace.e. 

 AA. Petals more numerous than 

 sepals, 4-5. rarely tx : 

 sepals commonly 2, rare- 

 ly 22. PORTt'LACACE.E. 



AAA. Petals as many as sepals, 

 free or grown into a 

 tube : sepals 5, rarely 4. 

 Mostly woody plants... 23. Tamabi.scace.e. 



Cohort 5. GUTTIFERALES. Scpals Imbricate : sta- 

 mens usually 0= : ovary septate : placentae on the In- 

 ner angles of the cells : endosperm absent or fleshy. 



Cohort 6. Malvale.s. Sepals valvate : stamens usu- 

 ally 00 or monadelphous : ovary septate: placentae on 

 inner angles of cells : endosperm absent or fleshy. 



a. Inflorescence commonly tri- 

 chotomous, c y m s e, or 



panicled 



E. Fls. hermaphrodite 24. IIypericace.e. 



EB. Fls. unisexual or polyga- 

 mous. Woody 25. Guttifebace.e. 



AA. Inflorescence commonly race- 

 mose, rarely panicled. 



Woody 26. Ternstrcemiace.e. 



A. Anthers 1-celled 27. Malvace.e. 



AA. Anthers 2-celled 



B. Stamens monadelphous 

 above, opposite the 

 petals, anthers single 

 or in clusters : ovules 

 ascending or horizon- 

 tal. Mostly woody... .28. Stehculiace^. 

 EB. Stamens free or connate 

 only at base : ovule 

 often pendulous. Most- 

 ly woody 29. Tiliace.e. 



Series 2. Disciflor.e. Calyx usually free from 

 ovary : petals in 1 series : stamens usually definite, 

 inserted within or upon or around receptacle, which 

 is usually expanded as a disc : ovary usually free, or 

 imbedded in disc. (See Nos. 4!) and 00 for ano- 

 malous families.) Families 30-49. 



Cohort 1. Geraniales. Disc usually a ring be- 

 tween stamens, or adnate to stamlnal tube, or reduced 

 to glands alternating with petals, rarely : gynoecium 

 commonly lobed, or entire or suhapocarpous : ovules 

 usually 1-2 in each cell, pendulous: raphe ventral. 



A. The disc absent in family 

 30, usually inconspicuous 

 or confluent with the 

 stamina! tube In 31 ; In 32 

 the torus is hardly ex- 

 panded into a disc but is 

 usually more or less prom- 



