A SYNOPSIS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



scales or needles, rarely 

 flattened out : male fla. 

 in catkins ; female in 

 a catkin or cone, rarely 



solitary 138. CONIFER.E. 



AAA. Lvs. ample. pinnatisect, 

 crowded at apex of 

 woodv caudes : fls. of 

 both sexes in cones. . . . 139. Cycadace^. 



SubdiTision 2. Moxocotiledons or ENDor.EN.s. 

 Stems witliout central pitli or annular layers, but 

 having the woody fibres distributed irregularly 

 through them (a transverse section showing the fibres 

 as dots scattered through the cellular tissue). Em- 

 bryo with a single cotyledon and the early lvs. al- 

 ways alternate : parts of the flower usually in 3's. 

 never in 5's, and the lvs. mostly parallel-veined. 



Series 1. Microsperm.?5. Perianth corolla-like, at 

 least inside : ovary inferior. 1-celled with 3 parietal 

 placentie, or rarely 3-celled with axile placentae : seeds 

 very small and numerous, not albuminous. 



A. Fls. regular, usually uni- 

 sexual : stamens usually 

 3, 6 or 9 : aquatic herbs.140. HvDROCnAKI- 



DACE.E. 



AA. Fls. usually very irregular : 

 andrcecium and gynoe- 

 cium connate in a col- 

 umn : anther 1. rarely 

 2 : terrestrial or epiphytic 

 herbs, rarely climbers. ..141. Orchidace.e. 



Series 2. EpifiYN.E. Perianth corolla-like, at 

 least within : ovary generally inferior : albumen 

 copious. 



a. I Is. normally unisexual 

 and regular ; stamens 6, 

 or those opposite the in- 

 ner perianth-lobes im- 

 perfect or deficient. . . . 142. DIOSCORACE.E. 

 AA. Fls. normally hermaphro- 

 dite, sometimes polygam- 

 ous or otherwise 



B. Embryo small, included in 



albumen 



c. Ovary 1 celled: albu- 

 men solid: embryo 

 minute : stamens 6, 

 hooded: fls. regular. . 143. Taccace^. 

 cc. Ovary usually 3-celled. 

 D. Stamens 3 opposite 

 outer lobes ; albu- 

 men horny ; fls. 

 regular or oblique- 

 ly irregular 144. iRiDACEa). 



DD. Stamens 6. rarely 3 

 opposite inner 

 lobes or oo : albu- 

 men fleshy : fls. 

 regular or slightly 



irregular 145. Amartllidace.e. 



BB. Embryo in a central canal 

 of albumen, straight, 

 incurved or horse-shoe- 

 shaped : perfect sta- 

 mens 1 or 5. the other 

 5 or 1 variously 

 changed into antherless 



staminodes 146. Scitaminace.e. 



BBB. Embryo in a small mar- 

 ginal cave or pit of 

 albumen, rarely long- 

 intruded, never wholly 



included 



c. Albumen mealy : per- 

 ianth calyx-like out- 

 side: stamens 6 147. Bromeliace.e. 



cc. Albumen fleshy : per- 

 ianth corolla-like or 

 woolly outside : sta- 

 mens sometimes 6 and 

 equal, sometimes 1-3 

 slightly dissimilar, or 

 3 opposite the inner 



lobes 148. H.EMADORACE.E. 



Series 3. CORONARIE.E. Perianth corolla-like, at 

 least inside : ovary free, rarely shortly adnate at 

 the base : albumen copious. 



A. Embryo minute or more or 

 less elongated, included 

 in fleshy or horny albu- 

 men 149. LiLIACE.E. 



AA. Embryo straight. in a 

 central canal of mealy 



albumen 150. Pontedeeiace.e. 



AAA. Embi'yo marginal under 

 The " embryostega " in 

 mealy albumen, or little 

 intruded. (An " em- 

 bryostega," literally em- 

 bryo-cover, is a callosity 

 in the seed coat of some 

 seeds near the hilum, 

 and is detached by the 

 protrusion of the radicle 

 on germination) 151. Commelin'ace.i:. 



Series 4. Calycinae. Perianth calyx-like, small, 

 somewhat rigid or herbaceous : ovary free : albumen 

 copious. 



A. Fr. a 3-valved capsule : em- 

 bryo included in more or 

 less fleshy albumen. . . . 152. JUNCACE.E. 

 AA. Fr. berry or drupe-like. 1- 

 seeded, rarely 2-3- 

 seeded : embryo im- 

 mersed in a small pit 

 near the periphery of the 

 albumen. Mostly woody. 153. Palmace.e. 

 Series 5. Nudiflor.1;. Perianth or reduced to 

 scales or bristles : ovary superior : carpels solitary, or 

 if more syncarpous ; 1- go — ovuled : seeds usually albu- 

 minous. 



A. Plants aquatic : fls. solitary 

 or in pairs from mar- 

 ginal fissures 154. Lemnace.e. 



AA. Plants terrestrial : fls. in 



spadlces 



B. Fls. dioecious : perianth : 

 carpels usually con- 

 fluent in clusters: 

 spadices clustered or 



panicled 155. Pandanace^. 



BB. Fls. dicecious or monoe- 

 cious In different spa- 

 dices : perianth : or 

 the short segments 

 distinct or connate : 



spadices solitary 156. Cyclanthace.i;. 



BBB. Fls. monoecious in differ- 

 ent spadices. rarely 

 dioecious : perianth re- 

 duced to membranous 

 scales or thread-like 

 chaff. Aquatic and 



marsh plants 157. Typhace^. 



BB6B. Fls. hermaphrodite or 

 moncecious in same 

 spadix. rarely diceci- 

 ous : perianth 0. or of 4 

 membranous, imbricate 

 scales : spadices soli- 

 tary 158. Araceje. 



Series 6. Apocarp.e. Perianth in 1-2 series or : 

 ovary superior ; carpels solitary, or if more, distinct ; 

 seeds not albuminous. 



A. Embryo complicate or 

 horse-shoe-shaped : per- 

 ianth segments 6, in 2 



series 159. Alismace.1]. 



AA. Embyro macropodous : per- 

 ianth segments 2. 3, 4, 

 6 or 160. Naiadace.e. 



Series 7. GLUMACEiB. Fls. disposed in heads or 

 spikelets solitary and sessile under bracts (or glumes) 

 which are usually imbricate: perianth segments 

 small, scale-like, glumaceous or : ovary 1-ovuled or 

 divided into 1-ovuled cells : seeds albuminous. 

 A. Fr. an indehiscent nut : 

 seed free from pericarp : 

 palets and lodicules 0... 161. Cyperace.b. 

 AA. Fr, an indehiscent caryop- 

 sis : seed usually adher- 

 ent to pericarp : palets 

 and lodicules present... 162. Gramine^. 



