A SYNOPSIS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



35 



cal or elongated 



E. Akenes. at least inner 



ones. 1-3-awned 62. Zinnia. 



BB. Akenes without pappus. ..63. IIeliopsis. 



Subtribe 4. Veubesixe.e. Ra.vs fertile, or neutral 

 becoming papery and persistent : disc fls. fertile : 

 anthers often blackisli : akenes various, but those of 

 disc never obcompressed : pappus various. 



A. C b a ff of receptacle p e r- 

 manently investing akenes 

 as an accessory covering. 64. 

 AA. Chaff of receptacle concave 

 or complicate, loosely em- 

 bracing or subtending 

 the discakenes, mostly 



persistent 



B. Rays sometimes absent. 



Certain species of ....65. 



BB. Rays usually present. . . . 



c. Receptacle high, from 



conical to columnar 



or subulate, at least 



in fruit 



D. The rays, if present, 



fertile 65 



DD. The rays sterile 



B. Color of rays rose 

 or rose purple. .66, 

 EE. Color of rays yellow 

 or partly brown- 

 purple, ( s m e- 

 tlmes wholly so).. 

 F. Akenes 4-angled, 



prismatic 67 



FF. Akenes short and 

 broad, com- 

 pressed. 68 



cc. Receptacle low. flat to 

 convex, rarel.v be- 

 coming conical 



D. Akenes not winged 

 nor very flat, when 

 flattened not mar- 

 gined nor sharp- 

 edged 



E. Rays fertile. 

 EE. Rays sterile. 



F. Akenes pubescent. 70, 

 FF. Akenes glabrous. .71^ 

 DD. Akenes of the ray or 

 margin often tri- 

 quetrous, of the 

 disc either flat- 

 corn p r e ssed and 

 margined or thin- 

 edged, or if tur- 

 gid some of them 



winged 



E. Rays neutral. 



F. Pappus none, or 

 an awn or 

 its rudiment 

 answering to 

 each margin of 

 the wingless 



akene 72. 



FF. Pappus of deli- 

 cate squaraella? 

 between the 2 

 chaffy teeth or 

 awns which 

 surmount the 2 

 acute mai-gins 



SCLEIiOCAKPUS. 



Spilanthes. 



Spilanthes. 

 echixacea. 



rodbeckia. 

 Lepachts. 



69. B.vlsamokrhiza. 



of the akene.. 73. Heliaxthella. 

 FFF. Pappus of 2 

 s 1 e n der-subu- 

 late naked 

 awns, at length 

 divergent, 

 sometimes with 

 2 or 3 inter- 

 mediate awns. 74. ACTINOMEKIS. 

 EE. Rays fertile, rarely 



neutral in Verbe- 



sina 



F. Pappus of cc dis- 

 tinct squamel- 

 liB 75. Pascalia. 



like pale» on 

 the angles of 

 the akene. with 

 2 small inter- 

 mediate squa- 

 mellas on each 



side 76. PODACH.ENinM. 



FFF. Pappus of 2 awns, 

 sometimes 1-3 

 or 0. and no 

 inter mediate 

 squamellse. ...77. Vehbe.sina, 



Subtribe 5. Coreopside.e. Rays fertile or neu- 

 tral: disc fls. fertile: receptacle chaffy; chaff flat or 

 hardly concave : akenes more or less dorsally com- 

 pressed, often 2-awned. 



A. Involucral bracts distinct, 

 the outer herbaceous, in- 

 ner somewhat like paleEe.78. Guizotia. 

 AA. Involucre double : inner 

 bracts membranous, sub- 

 equal, connate at base or 

 often higher ; outer bracts 

 few and small or minute. 

 B. Plants are all climbers 

 with fertile rays, akenes 

 much enlarging and 

 sterile disc fls. with un- 

 divided style 79. Hidalgoa, 



E. Plants not climbing : rays 



usually sterile. 



c. Style branches with 

 long hairy appen- 



aages 80. Dahlia. 



cc. Style branches trun- 

 cate, penicillate or 

 with short ap- 

 pendages 



D. Rays always neutral : 

 akenes not beaked, 

 * rarely contracted at 

 apex : pappus of 2 

 short awns, or hairy, 

 or absent, never re- 

 trorsely barbed ... .81. Coreopsis. 

 DD. Rays fertile, neutral 

 or wanting; pappus 

 awns when present 

 retrorsely barbed... 

 E. Bracts of inner in- 

 volucre united in- 

 to a cup 82. Thelespekma. 



EE. Bracts of involucre 

 distinct, or united 

 only at the com- 

 mon base 



P. Akenes beaked, 

 slender : rays 

 purple or rose, 

 in one species 

 yellow ; white 

 vars. in cult, 

 awns mostly 



deciduous 83. COSMOS. 



FF. Akenes not 

 1 leaked : rays 

 yellow or 



vhite 



G. Pappus of 2-5 

 a w n s, re- 

 trorsely his- 

 pid, mostly 

 persistent. ..8-1. Bidens. 

 GG. Pappus V a r i- 

 ous : tube of 

 disc fls. with 

 a ring near 

 the top. 85. Leptosyne. 



Subtribe 6. O.^lin'soge.e. Heads rayless and 

 homogamous ; (in Marshallia). Pappas of 00 dis- 

 tinct palese. S6. Makshallia. 



Subtribe 7. Madie.e. Rays fertile, each sub- 

 tended by an involucral bract which partly or com- 

 petely incloses its akene : disc fls. with both stamens 

 and styles, but some or all sterile. Glandular, viscid 

 and heavy scented herbs. 



a. Akenes laterally compressed. 87. Madia. 

 AA. Akenes not laterally com- 

 pressed 88. Latia. 



