A SYNOPSIS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



37 



10. Calendula Tkibb. 



A. Akenes of the rays thick, 

 hard and bony ; those of 

 ttie disc usually all 



empty 121. Osteospermdm. 



AA. Akenes straight, those of 

 the rays usually triruie- 

 trous : disc-akenes often 



flattish or 2-winsed. ...122. Dimorphotheca. 

 AAA. Akenes incurved, heterom- 



orphous 123. Calendhla. 



11. Abctotis Tribe. 



A. Involucral Iiracts free, the 

 inner ones broadly scari- 

 ous, at least at the apex. 

 B. Herbs glabrous or p\ibe- 

 scent : receptacle chaf- 

 fy 124. Ursinia. 



BB. Herbs tomentose : recep- 

 tacle naked or alveo- 

 late 



c. Akenes usually villous, 

 crowned by hyaline 

 pale.T? which are 



often convolute 125. Arctotis. 



CC. Akenes glabrous, with 

 or without a crown 

 of minute paleoL-e. . . 126. Ven'IDIUM. 

 AA. Involucral bracts grown to- 

 gether at the base 



B. I.vs not spinescent : al- 

 veoli short 127. Gazaxia. 



BB. Lvs. spinose-dentate : al- 

 veoli including akenes. 1 28. Berkheya. 



(Consult Stobwa.) 



12. MfTisiA Tribe. 



129. Chaptalia. 



13. CicHORH-M Tribe. 



A. Pappus none, or of 2-3 

 long-hristles which soon 



fall away 130. Scolymus. 



AA. Pappus paleaceous or part- 

 ly so, or aristiform, or 



plumose 



B. Involucre of equal bracts 

 and no short cal.vcu- 



late ones at base 



c. Akenes long beaked. ..131. Tragopogon. 



CC. Akenes truncate 



BB. Involucre either calycu-132. Krigia. 

 late or imbricate, i. e. 

 principal bracts equal 

 add some short ones at 

 base, or less unequal 

 bracts in 2 or more 



series 



C. Akenes (at least inner 

 ones) tapering into a 



beak 133. Hypochceris. 



CC. Akenes usually short, 

 with summit trun- 

 cate or only a trifle 

 contracted below 



apex 134. Catananche. 



D. Receptacle chaffy. . . 

 DD. Receptacle not cbaffy.13.5. Cichorium. 

 E. Kls. normally blue. .136. Scorzonera. 



EE. FIs. yellow 



AAA. Pappus of capillary bris- 

 tles, scabrous, rarely bar- 

 bellulate, never plumose 

 nor paleaceous-dilated : 

 receptacle naked (except 

 in 1 species of Troxi- 



mon> 



B. Akenes flattened ; pappus 

 of copious, fine soft, 



capillary bristles 137. Lactcca. 



BB. Akenes not flattened : pap- 

 pus persistent or bris- 

 tles tardily falling (ex- 

 cept 1 or 2 species of 



Crepis) 



c. Beak distinct and slen- 



der (except in 1 or 

 2 species of Troxi- 



mon ) 



D. The akenes 10-ribbed 

 or 10-nerved, not 



muricate 138. Troximon. 



DD. The akenes 4-5-ribbed 



or angled, muricate. 139. Taraxacum. 

 CC. Beak none, or akene 

 merely narrow at 



apex 



D. FIs. whitish or cream- 

 color to violet or 



rosered 140. Prenanthes. 



DD. FIs. mostly yellow, 

 sometimes orange- 

 red or white 



E. Pappus of rather 

 rigid, scabrous, 

 fragile bristles 

 which are usually 

 rather dirty or 

 neutral colored. ..141. IIieracidm. 

 EE. Pappus of copious 

 white and usually 

 soft canillary bris- 

 tles 142. CREPIS. 



79. LOBELIACE.E. 



A. Corolla open down to the 



base on one side 1. Lobelia. 



AA. Corolla with a closed tube. 

 B. Stamens in a tube free 



from the corolla 2. Dow.ningia. 



BB. Stamens more or less ad- 

 nate to the corolla up 

 to near the throat, 

 then monadelphous and 

 free or farther adnate 



on one side only 3. Palmerella. 



BEB. Stamens affixed at top of 

 corolla tube or above 

 the middle : capsule 2- 



valved at apex 4. Lsotoma. 



BBBB. Stamens affixed at base of 



corolla tube 



c. Fr. an i n d e h i s c e nt 



berry r>. Centkopogon. 



cc. Fr. a capsule, 2-valved 



at apex 6. Siphocampylus. 



80. CAMPANULACE.E. 



Note. Cextropogon and Isoto.ma usually placed 

 in this family are best referred to Lobeliacese. 



A. Fr. an indehiscent, fleshy 



berry 1. Canarina. 



AA. Fr. a capsule 



B. Capsule dehiscing loculi- 



cidally by apical valves. 



c. Corolla 3-parted nearly 



to base 2. Jasione. 



cc. Corolla broadly bell- 

 shaped, 5-lohed 3. Platycodon. 



BB. Capsule closed at apex, 

 dehiscing laterally be- 

 tween the ribs by small 

 lids or small solitary 



valves 



c. Corolla 5-cutlobed, o r 



-parted 



D. Ovary linear or nar- 

 rowly oblong 4. Specclaria. 



DD. Ovary hemispherical 



or top shaped. . . . 



e. Anthers connate in 



a tube 5. Symphyaxdra. 



EE. Anthers not connate 



in a tube 



F. Style girt at base 

 by an epigynous 

 fleshy disc 

 which is cup- 

 shaped or tubu- 

 lar 6. Adenophora. 



FP. Style without 



such disc 



g. Corolla 5-parted 

 to the base, 

 lobes narrow, 

 either long- 



