54 



A SYNOPSIS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



Pldkenetie^. 



stamens usually 2i)-30, af- 

 fixed to a convex or colum- 

 nar torus 26. D^LECHAMPIA. 



134. cupulifer;e. 



A. Ovary 2-celled ; cells 1- 

 ovuled : stamlnate lis. in 



pendulous catkins 



B. Staminate Bs. witb 4 per- 

 ianth segments, or hv 

 abortion fewer. (Birch 



Tribe) 



c. Stamens '2 1. Betula. 



cc. Stamens 4 2. ALNDS. 



BB. Staminate lis. witli no 

 perianth. (Hazel 



Tribe) 



c. Nut large, inclosed by 

 a leafy Involucre : 

 staminate tls. witb 2 

 bvactiets ; pistillate 

 fls. 2-4. capitate. ..3. Cortlus. 

 CC. Nut small, subtended 

 by or inclosed in a 

 large bractlet : stami- 

 nate fls. with no 

 bractlets: pistillate 

 catkins spike-like.... 

 D. F r u 1 t i n K bractlet 

 flat. 3-eleft and in- 

 cised 4. Cakpinds. 



DD. F r u i t 1 n R brnctlet 

 bladder-like, closed. 



membranous 5. Ostrva. 



AA. Ovary 3-celled (rarely 2-4- 

 or 6-celled) : cells 2- 

 ovuled : staminate in- 

 florescence various. (Oak 



Tribe) 



B. Ovary of pistillate fls. 6- 

 celled : spikes of either 

 sex erect and strict : 

 fruiting involucre or 

 burr densely covered 

 with strong pickers. ..6. Castanea. 

 BB. Ovary of pistillate lis. 3- 

 celled. rarely 4- or 5- 

 celled in some species 



of Quercus 



c. The staminate fls. 1-3 

 in a cluster : ivs. us- 

 ually small 7. Nothofagus. 



cc. The . staminate fls. in 

 loose. roundish 

 lieads ; Ivs. generally 



large 8. Fagcs. 



CCC. The staminate catkins 

 pendulous, or the 

 spikes of either sex 



erec*: and strict 



D. Involucre of numer- 

 ous scales forming 

 a cup in fruit and -^ 



subtending the 



acorn 9. QUERCUS. 



DD. Involucre in fruit 

 armed with clust- 

 ers of prickles or 

 tubercles, wholly 

 including the fruit, 

 perfectly closed or 

 at length split ir- 

 regularly 10, Castanopsis. 



135. SALICACE.E. 



a. Lvs. usually narrow : cat- 

 kins usually erect and 

 dense ; disc composed of 

 1 or 2 glands which are 

 distinct or barely connate 



at base 1. Salix. 



AA. Lts. usually broad : catkins, 

 at least the staminate 

 ones, lax and pendulous : 

 disc cyathiform often ob- 

 lique or cup-shaped, en- 

 tire or lobed 2. PopnLns, 



136. EMrETRACE.i;. 



A. Pis. axillary, solitary : sta- 

 mens 3: pistil 6-0-mer- 



ous 1. Empethcm. 



AA. Fls. axillary in 2's or 3's. ; 

 stamens 2 : pistil 2-mer- 

 ous 2. Ceratiola. 



(Summary of Tribes) 



Leafless shrubs with jointed 

 branches and scales oppo- 

 site the nodes connate into 

 a little sheath 1. Ephedra. 



138 CONIFER.ID. 



Summary of Tribes. 



A. Ovules erect, at least during 



anthesis 



B. Ovule-bearing blade ad- 

 nate to the bract, us- 

 ually increasing much : 

 ovules under the fertile 

 scales 2-6 or ao , rare- 

 ly 1. 

 C. Scales of the pistillate 

 ament in 'J - cc s?r- 

 ies opposite in each 

 series, or in whorls 

 of 3, rarely 4 : lvs. 

 of the fertile 

 branches opposite or 



in whorls of 3 1. Cypkes.s Tribe. 



cc. Scales of pistillate 

 ament spiral I y 

 crowded : lvs. spiral- 

 ly affixed, spreading 

 in several directions, 

 or in two directions.2. Bald Cypress 



Tribe. 

 BB. Ovule-bearing blade free 

 from the bract ; ovule 

 under the fertile scales 

 solitary ; scales of the 

 pistillate ament imbri- 

 cate, all except the ter- 

 minal one empty or 



many fertile 3. YEW Tribe. 



AA. Ovules reversed even during 



anthesis 



B. Ovule-bearing blade ad- 

 nate to the bract, or in 

 the I'odocarpus tribe 

 sometimes adnate to 



the ovule 



C. Ovule affixed to the 

 apex of the scale or 

 ovule-bearing blade : 

 scales of the pistil- 

 late aments often 

 fleshy, spirally 

 crowded : ovule soli- 

 tary 4. PoDOCARPUs Tribe. 



cc. Ovules aflSxed at or be- 

 low the middle of the 

 scale : scales of the 

 pistillate aments spir- 

 ally overlapping in 

 many series : seeds 

 with or without a 

 lateral wing, but 

 never a spurious sam- 

 ara-like wing 5. Abadcaria Tribe. 



BB. Ovule-bearing blade free 

 from the bract or ad- 

 nate only at base : 

 ovules affixed near has? 

 of scale : scales of pis- 

 tillate aments double : 

 seed usually samara- 

 like with a spuri- 

 ous wing formed from 

 the inner stratum of 

 the scales 6. Fir Tribk. 



1. Cspress Tbiee. 



a. Fr. fleshy, indehiscent, a 

 berry or drupe, with 2-6 

 fertile scales 1. Juniperds. 



