160 



BETULA 



Reffe!.). Lv«. liroad -ovate, usually truncate at the 

 base. Var. p6ndula. Hort. Branches slender, dls- 

 tini'fly jii'iidulous ; cult, in several different forms, as 

 var. p6ndula laciniata, Hort., with laciniate Ivs.; a 

 very graceful form (Fig. 2H4); var. pfindula filegans ; 

 var. pSndula Yoilngi, and others. 



(2) puMscens, Ehrh. (B. orfoi-fi^n, Bechst.). Less 

 pendulous or upright, sometimes shrubby ; branchlets 

 usually pubescent, not glandular: Ivs. ovate, pubes- 

 cent beneath, at least when young : cones pendu- 

 lous or erect. The first grows more in dry situations, 

 while the latter is found growing in moist places, 

 often in swamps. To this subspecies belong the follow- 

 ing varieties : Var. exc61sa, Kegel. (B. cj-ce/sn. Ait.). 

 Tree : Ivs. ovate, short petioled, pubescent beneath. 

 Var. pubescens, Kegel. Branches and Ivs. pubescent, 

 at least when young ; Ivs. ovate, acute. Var. urticifo- 

 lia, Spach. Lvs. small, deep green, irregularly in- 

 cisedserrate. uiiei|ual at the base. Var. Carpatica, 

 Kegel, Pbntica, Dipp.. ami tortuosa, Kegel, are small 

 trees, without any horticultural value. 



<'0. Ti-itnk irith dark bronze-colored bark. 



11. occident&lis, Hook. Small tree, occasionally 40 ft. ; 

 branchlets slender, glandular : lvs. broadly ovate or 

 nearly orbicular, acute or obtuse, sharply serrate, sho'rt- 

 petioled, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at the veins be- 

 neath, 1-2 in. long: cones l-ll^ in. long; bracts with 

 erect, oval lobes, the middle one usually longer. North- 

 west Amer., east to Dakota and Nebraska. S.S. 9: 453. 



BB. Whufs smaller than the nut: shrubs 1-15 ft.: Ifs. 



small, short-petioled : cones erect. 



c. Branchlets glandular, not pubescent. 



12. glanduldsa, jNIichs. Only 1-4 ft.: lvs. short-peti- 

 oled, riiundeil or cuneate at the base, orbicular or 

 broadly olxjvate, obtuse, dentate, glabrous, !-4-lK in. 

 long : cones peduncled, ^S-?4in. long : lobes of bracts 

 nearly equal, slightly spreading. Newfoundland to 

 Alaska, south to Michigan, and in the Rocky Mountains 

 to Colorado. B.B. 1:510. 



cc. Braiirhlifs pubescent or nearly (/labntHS, not 

 glandular. 



13. piimila, Linn. Usually 2-8 ft., rarely 15 : branch- 

 lets tomeutose or pubescent, at least wheu young : lvs. 

 orbicular or oval, acute or obtuse, coarsely dentate, pale 

 and glabrous or pubescent beneath, %-2 in. long: cones 

 peduncled, H-1 in. long ; lateral lobes of the pubescent 

 bracts spreading, shorter than the middle one. New- 

 foundland to Minn., south to Ohio. B.B. 1:511. Var. 



fastigiata, Hort. (_B. hum His 

 fastiijiata. Hort.). Of liistinct, 

 upriglit growth. B. pnniila x 

 ;e»(« is shown in G.F. 8:245. 



BIARUM 



14. nibna, Linn. Low, spreading, rarely 4 ft.: Ivs. 

 orbicular or cuneate-obovate. crenate, rounded at apex, 

 glabrous, !4-J4in. long : cones nearly sessile, H-Hin. 

 long ; the upper bracts usually entire, the lower ones 





.i> 



234. Cut-leaved Weepme Birch— Betula alba. 



3-lobed. Arctic N.E. Amer., N.Eu., Siberia. B.B. 1:511. 

 —A low, graceful shrub for rockeries and rocky slopes. 

 B. alnoldes. fiamnt. (B. eylindrostachya. Wall.). Tree.50-60 

 . ovate-oblmig, doubly euspidately serrate: 

 ' ~ =B. iuter- 

 "^n.Regel. 

 i:irsely den- 

 'II. Wall.= 

 . k brown : 

 >ng: cones 

 1 1 rub. to 15 

 iMlnlar be- 



233. Leaves of Betula alba. Natural size. 



bark brown 

 coues r.icemose HiuKtl Tender —/i- t/;'(^ 



Uiedia,.—B.c,irju,i,rnliu. Klirli It \,-i,{:i - /: n.riih 

 Allied to B. iii-r;( I, v. I,r,,,„l .■llii.ii,- ,.,■ ,,1m,v,,Ic, .• 



tate : cones r\ liiMlricjil .bi|i:ill /; <-nluf!n'Stil,-h 



B. alnoldes.-i'. />u/ii(,u'(i, r.ill T..- i,,i-.ni. i,- 

 lvs. ovate, pubescent on the \cjii- l-.M. i. i '.i, 

 oblong. Dahur.. Manchxiria-— /.' 'm- 

 ft.: lvs. ovate, glabrous at leiiL;lli .m.w < 



neath, 1-2 in. long. Slber., .Mancluai.i. J^ < . /, Bniise 



B. fruticosa.— -B. ffrdndrs. Schrad.^B. papji In i i /.' ■in>Ksa. 

 Sieb. & Zuce. Allied to B. lenta. Lvs. ovate, un. iikiI l,\ ^.n;.ie. 

 y^-2 in. long : lobes of bracts rounded. .T.-tj. /.' !ui„>iUf!, 

 Schrank. Two to 6 ft.: br.ancblets glandnhiv : hs. J. ^-114 in. 

 long, erenately serrate, glalirous. M. and N. Eu.. N. Asia. — B. 

 hllbrida. Bechst. Natural hvbrid of B. pendulaXpubescens. 

 •Tree.— B. intermedia. Thiim-.is (B. albaXnana). Shrub: lvs. 

 orbicular or ovate, ^^-l in. long, gbabrous. N. Eu.— B. Med- 

 wMjewl. Regel. Tree, allied to B. Ermani : lvs. elliptic, 8-11- 

 nerved ; cones cylindrical. Trans-Caucasia. (Jt. 36, p. ZH.— 

 B. BiuUleana. Trautv. Allied to B. fruticosa. Tree : lvs. smaU, 

 ovate, pubescent on the veins beneath : cones oblong. Cauca- 

 sus. Gt. 36, p. 384.-B. ulmifblia. Sieb. k Zuce. 

 Tree: lvs. ovate, doubly serrate, with 10-14 pairs 

 of veins ; bracts of cone with linear oblong 

 lobes. .Tap.— B. Yoimgipendula, Hort. = B. .alba, 

 var. pendula Youngi. ALFRED Rehdek. 



BIABUM (old and obscure name). 

 Aro'idea-, Dwarf, tuberous perennials of 

 the same tribe with our native jack-in- 

 the-pulpit. They are hardy in England, 

 but probably are suitable only for pot-cul- 

 ture in the northern U. S. They have a 

 spathe which is tubular at the base, mostly 

 with a long lirah, and usually a long tail- 

 like spadix. They grow a few inches high. 

 Odd. Little known in America. 



tenuifdlium, Schott {Arum tenuifdlium, 

 Linn.). Lvs. linear-lanceolate or spatu- 

 late, appearing after the fls. decay: spathe 

 long-acuminate, at length recurved and 

 twisted spirally, about 10 in. long, out- 

 side green, streaked purple ; inside dull 

 purple, spotted ; margins wavy : spadix 

 15 in. long. Spain. B.M. 2282. 



Pyrdini,Eng.(/Kc;inii(mP.i/ra'»i(, Schott). 

 Lvs. oblong above the middle, narrowing 

 abruptly to a very long petiole, resembling 



