196 



BUPHTHALMUM 



BUPHTHALMUM (Greek for ox-eye). Comp6sUa>. 

 A few iJuroix'an and W. Asian perennial herbs, some- 

 times grown in tlie liardy border. Heads large, with 

 long yellow rays : Ivs. alternate, entire or dentate : 

 paniais short, often connate into a corona: akenes 

 g'alirous. Showy plants of easy culture. 



speciosissimum, Ard. Lvs. cordate and clasping, the 

 upper ones oval and acuminate : heads solitary on the 

 ends of the stems : 2-5 ft., flowering in July and later. 



salicifdlium, Linn. (B. grandifldrum, Linn.). Lts. 

 oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, somewhat pubescent and 

 slightly serrate : fls. solitary and terminal, large : lower 

 than the last. 



specidsum, Schreb. (B. cordifdlium, Waldst. & Kit.). 

 Lvs. very large, cordate, coarse-serrate : tis. very large 

 and showy, on an upward-thickened peduncle : '.i-A ft., 

 blooming in .June and later. B. M. 3466, as Telekia spe- 

 "■*••'■"■ L. H. B. 



BUPLEtEUM (Greek, ox and rib : of no obvious ap- 

 plication). LfmbelHfero'. Weedy plants of the Old World, 

 of which one {B. roturidifoliiim, Linn.), is naturalized 

 in the Eastern states, and another {B. falcatuni, Linn. ), 

 is cult, in .Japan for greens (A.G. 13: 9). 



BUBBlDGEA ( after F. W. Burbidge, who discovered 

 it in Borneo). ScitaminAceo'. A monotypic genus allied 

 to Hedychium, but with no lateral perianth segments and 

 the iip reduced to a small blade. The showy orange- 

 scarlet fls. rival cannas in brilliancy. For culture, see 

 Alpinia and Hedychium. 



nitida, Hook. f. Tender herbaceous perennial : height 

 2-3 ft. : rootstock creeping, matted : stems tufted, slen- 

 der : leaf -blades glossy, 4-6 in. long, eared at junction 

 with the sheath : panicle terminal, 4-6 in. long, many- 

 fld.; inner perianth tube I-IH in. long ; outer segments 

 lK-2 in. long, orange-scarlet, the dorsal one shorter 

 and more romidish than the 2 lateral ones. B. M". 6403. 

 Sold by Si.l.ro.'ht & Son. 



BTTBCH^LLIA (W. Burchell, botanical traveler). 

 Mubidceo'. One species from S. Afr., an evergreen 

 shrub, with opposite short-petioied lvs. and dense ter- 

 minal clusters of sessile scarlet fls.: corolla tububir, 

 bell shaped ; stamens ."3, inserted in the tul.)e : fr. a 2- 

 celled, many seeded berry. B. Capfensis, R. Br., is in 

 the Amer. trade, being cult, for its rich, ilark foliage 

 and brilliant fls. It is very variable, and has received 

 several names. 3-10 ft. Prop, by cuttings. Grown un- 

 der glass. B.M.2339. B.H. 1886:420. J.H. IIL 34: 81. 



BURDOCK. See Arctium. 

 BURLINGTONIA. See Bmir 



'ijnezia. 



BURNET (PotMtim Sangiusdrba, Linn.). A hardy 

 rosaceous perennial, the piquant lvs. of which are some- 

 times used in flavoring soups and salads. The dried 

 roots are occasionally used as a family remedy. Burnet 

 is little known in this country as a condimental herb. 

 It is worthy a place in the hardy border for the oma- 

 inental character of its odd-pinnate lvs. and its little 

 heads of fls. with drooping stamens. The leaflets are 

 very dark green, ovate and notched. Stems 1-2 ft. high, 

 bearing oblong or globular monoecious heads. Of easiest 

 culture, either from seeds or by division of the clumps. 

 Native of Europe. ' l, h. B. 



BURNING-BUSH. See Euonunnis. 



BURRIfiLIA. See Baeria. 



BURSARIA {Bi(rsa, a pouch, alluding to the shape 

 of the pods). Pittospor&cece. Two species of shrubs 

 with white fls. in clusters ; sepals, petals and stamens 

 each 5 : fr. a 2-loculed capsule, in shape like that of the 

 Shepherd's Purse. 



splndsa, Cav. An elegant spiny shrub or small tree, 

 with drooping branches and pretty white fls., produced 

 in summer : lvs. small, oblong-cuneate, alternate and 

 nearly sessile : fls. small, lateral or terminal, mostly 

 terminal. Australia, Tasmania. B. M. 1767. — Cult, in 

 S. California. 



BUSH-FRUITS. A te 

 mall fruits wliiili irn.w . 



BUXUS 



BURS£RA (.Joachim Burser, a disciple of Caspar 

 Bauliini. I-iiirs>)->)'' <i\ Generally tall trees, with sim- 

 ple or piiinatfl}- <'oiii|Miiind lvs.: fls. small, in clusters, 

 4-.^ parted, with twice as many stamens as petals or 

 sepals, and a 3-parted ovary containing 6 ovules : fr. a 

 3-parted drupe with usually only 1 seed. About 40 spe- 

 cies of trees in tropical America. For B. servidta, see 

 Profiiim,. 



Simarubra, Sarg. (B. gummtfera, Jacq.). Lvs. odd- 

 pinnate, with 3-5 pairs of Ifts. ; Ifts. ovate, acute, mem- 

 branous, smooth i>n both sides, entire, the netted veins 

 prominent on the under side : fls. in a very knotty ra- 

 ceme, 4-(i parted : fr. adnqic, with a 3-valved succulent 

 rind and 3-5 nuts. A tall tree with a straight trunk and 

 spreading head, found in Florida, Mexico, and Central 

 America and the West Indies. — It yields a sweet, aro- 

 matic balsam, which is used in tropical America as a 

 medicine for internal and external application ; dried, 

 it is known in the trade as Chibou, or Cachibou resin, 

 or Gomart resin. It is a hardy greenhouse plant, and 

 thrives in a compost of loam and peat. Prop, by cut- 

 tings under glass, with bottom heat. 



G. T. Hastings. 



<ed to designate those 

 xly bushes. It includes 

 all siiiall-fniits-as tliat tcriu is'used in America-ex- 

 cept sirawl.i'rrii's and cranb.-rries. Bush-fruits is an 

 English term, but it has been adopted lately in this 

 country, notably in Card's book on "Bush-Fruits." The 

 common bush-fruits are currants, gooseberries, rasp- 

 berries, blackberries, and dewberries. 



BtTTEA (Earl of Bute). Legumindsce. Three or four 

 species of trees or woody vines of India and China, with 

 deep scarlet papilionaceous fls. in racemes and pinnate 

 Ivs. In the Old World I'arely grown in stoves. In this 

 country, one is cult, in S. Calif. 



fronddsa, Hoxhg. A leafy tree, yielding gum or lac : 

 Ifts. ;{. roundish, piibescent beneath, the lateral ones 

 unsymiiietrical : fl.s. 2 in. long, orange-crimson, very 

 showv ; stamens 9 together and 1 free. India. — Reaches 

 a height of 50 ft. 



BUTOMUS (Greek, bous, ox, and temno, to cut; the 

 leaves too sliarp for the mouths of cattle). AUstn(iee(e. 

 Hardy perennial a<|\iatic of easy culture on margins of 

 ponds. Prop, by ilivision. All the species are referred 

 by DC, in Mon'. Plian., vol. 3, to B. umbellatii.-<, or to 

 the Australian Butomopsis, which is also a monotypic 

 geiuis. 



umbell&tus, Linn. Flowering Rush. Rhizome thick : 

 Ivs. 2-3 ft. long, iris-like, sheathing at the base, 3-cor- 

 nered : fls. rose-colored, 25-30 in an umbel, on a long 

 scape ; sepals 3 ; petals 3. Summer. Eu., Asia. 



BUTTERCUP. Species of Baminculus. 



BUTTERFLY WEED. Aseiepias tuberosa. 



BUTTERNUT. See Jngltms. 



BUTTON-BUSH is Ccplialanthiis. 



BUTTONWOOD. Consult Plntnnus. 



BUTTERWORT. See Pinguieula. 



BUXUS (ancient Latin name). EuphorbiAcece. Box 

 Tree. Evergreen shrubs or small trees : lvs. opposite, 

 short-petioled, entire, almost glabrous, coriaceous and 

 rather small : fls. monoecious, in axillary or terminal 

 clusters, consisting usually of one terminal pistillate 

 flower, with 6 sepals, and several lateral staminate fls. 

 with 4 sepals and 4 stamens : fr. an obovate or nearly 

 globular 3-pointed capsule, separating into 3 valves, 

 each containing 2 shining black seeds. About 20 species 

 in the mountains of Cent, and E. Asia, N. Afr., and S. 

 Eur., also in W. India and C. Amer. Ornamental ever- 

 green shrvibs of dense but rather slow growth, with 

 shining, small foliage and inconspicuous fls. and fr. 

 The common Box Tree and B. microphjiUa may be 

 grown in sheltered positions even north, while B. Wal- 

 lichiana and B. Balearica, two very distinct and hand- 



