986 



MARTYNIA 



MARYLAND 



upper lobes being smaller than the 3 lower. The fls. 

 are 2 in. or more across, chiefly lilac, purple or yellow 

 but spotted and marked about the throat with other 

 colors. They are heavily scented and interesting, but, 

 like all other parts of the plant, they are clammy. The 

 plants grow 1% ft. or more high, and should be started 

 in a hotbed in early spring in the North and transplanted 

 to the open. In the middle and southern states seed 

 may be sown in the open 3 ft. apart each way where the 

 plants are to remain. The capsules are taken when 

 small and tender and pickled like cucumbers. They 

 have a very distinct appearance by reason of the long- 

 curved horn which splits from the top as the capsule 

 hardens. 



The small family to which Martynia belongs is allied 

 to the Biguonia family, and the fls. are much alike, but 

 the habit and fruit are different. Martynias are either 

 annuals or perennials, with large tuber-shaped roots, 

 prostrate or suberect and clammy: Ivs. opposite or al- 

 ternate, long-stalked, cordate, coarsely wavy-margined 

 or toothed, or palmately lobed: fls. 5-8 in a short, ter- 

 minal raceme: capsules with 2 short or long horns. 



The first three species described below belong to the 

 subgenus Proboscidea, which has 4 perfect stamens and 

 long-horned capsules. They vary considerably in the 

 foliage, roundish or wider than long, 

 3-lobed, sharply 3-cut or entire except 

 the notch, which is always found at 

 tlie base, margin toothed, angled or 

 wavy. 



^^^f ; .^- 'i*i^ 



1372. Martynia proboscidea iX %) 



A. Fls. lilac or dull white. 



proboscidea, Glox. {M. Louisicina, Mill.). Unicorn 

 Plant. Pkoboscis Flower. Fig. 1372. Lvs. roundisb, 

 often oblique, entirely obscurely wavy-lobed, 4-12 in. 

 wide: fls. also vary to lieht yellow. Banks of Missis- 

 sippi; nat. near old g:ardens. B.M. 105G. V. 3:151.— 

 The picture (Fig. 1372) shows fruits one-third the 

 size at full maturity. The risrht-haud specimen shows 

 the woody part, after all the soft parts have been 

 macerated. 



AA. Fls. purple. 



fri^ans, Lindl. {M. fonnbxajYiXm.). Less stout than 

 M. proboscidea: lvs. roundish to oblong-cordate, some- 

 what lobed and wavy-toothed. 3-5 in. broad. Mex. B.M. 

 4292. B.R. 27:6. R.H. 1843:248. 



AAA, Fh. yellow. 

 lOtea. Lindl. Lvs. cordate-orbiculate, subdeutate, 

 glandular-pubescent. Brazil. B.R. 11:934. 



AAAA. Fls. ivhite. 



Craniol&ria^Glox. Properly Cww/dMrm d»)U(a,h\nn., 

 a KPims distinguished by having a very long and slender 

 corolla tube, while in Martynia the corolla tube is swelled 

 out at a very short distance from the base. Lvs. pal- 

 mately lobed; margins dentate: corolla tube about 6 in. 

 long. Colombia. — Some of tbe plants sold under this 

 name are Af. proboseidea; others are M. fragrans. 



W. M. 



MARVEL OF PERU. Mirabilis JaUipa. 



MARY, BLUE-EYED. Tradescanfia Virginica. 



MARYLAND, HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 1373. All of 

 this state lying south of Baltimore possesses notable 

 horticultural possibilities. The lauds are quite variable 

 in composition, and are very sensitive and responsive to 

 judicious and rational treatment. In the production of 

 early fruits and vegetables, the natural adaptability of 

 soil, the mild and equable temperature resulting from 

 the influence of the expansive waters of the Chesapeake 

 bay, which cuts the state in two, as well as from 

 geographical location and convenient access to all the 

 principal eastern city markets, are the conditions which 

 combine in a presentation of rare inducements that are 

 not fully appreciated by tbe rural citizenship of the 

 locality. Fully three-fifths of the farms in Maryland, 

 by circumstances as above briefly indicated, are specially 

 adapted to horticultural pursuits. The eight couuties 

 forming a tier, extending from east to west along the 

 northern boundary of the state, do not enjoy so wide a 

 range in horticultural favor as the central and southern 

 counties. The wonderful development of the fruit and 

 vegetable packing or canning industry in the state is to 

 a very noticeable degree encouraging, and accomplishing 

 a diversification for the promotion and betterment of 

 horticulture. In the city of Baltimore the "packing" 

 business has assumed huge proportions, but independent 

 of this, the business has in the aggregate, throughout 

 the several counties, reached a large volume, which is 

 luinually increasing. Caroline county, centrally located 

 on the Eastern Shore, annually operates more than a 

 score of such houses. Strawberries, blackberries, 

 peaches, pears, peas, tomatoes and sweet corn consti- 

 tute the principal articles canned. No fancy prices for 

 either fruits or vegetables are obtained in the local 

 market thus created, but a great good to horticulture 

 growing out of these operations is that they are induc- 

 ing many hard-worked and poorly paid tillers of the 

 111 to climb out of the old ruts, giving them a practical 

 e lucation or training that enables them to grow and pre- 

 pare products for the city markets in keep- 

 ing with modern demands. Thoiisands of 

 '' acres in this state are now devoted to peas, 



tomatoes and sweet corn for the packing 

 houses. Summarized, this means more ma- 

 nure — better methods — better land. 

 "*■ For many years the peach maintained 



'- undisputed supremacy in the fruit interests 



of Maryland. Enthusiasm extended the 

 acreage beyond the capacity for proper care 

 and culture, thus inviting the encroachment 

 of disease and insect enemies to an extent that has 

 served to circumscribe the misdirected ambition for 

 large orchards, and has robbed peach-growing of much 

 of its fascination. In the aggregate, the orchard acreage 

 is still immense; butoM orchards are going out to a much 

 greater extent than new ones are being planted. In the 

 northern tier of counties, interest in apple-growing is 

 increasing. Cherries, too. in many locations in this part 

 of the state are successfully grown. Pears are more 

 generally grown and satisfactory throughout the state 

 than cherries. Kent and Queen Anne counties, of the 

 Eastern Shore, excel in the production of pears, both in 

 quantity and quality. Plums of the native and Japanese 

 species receive considerable attention, and in many in- 

 stances prove more remunerative than other fruits. 

 Small fruits of all kinds are grown in great abundance. 

 The large fruit interests of the state create and main- 

 tain a large local demand for nursery stock, which is 

 shared by the forty nurseries in various parts of the 

 commonwealth. Several of these establishments make 

 the propagation of peach trees a specialty, growing thera 

 by the hundreds of thousands, and disposing of them in 

 a wholesale way to their fellow-nurserymen in localities 

 less favored for proi)agating these trees. In a few of 

 the Western Shore counties tobacco still figures to some 

 extent in soil products; on the Eastern Shore tobacco 

 has been sujierseded largely by sweet potatoes, to the 

 decided benefit of both land and landlord. 



The division of the state by the Chesapeake bay 

 keeps the Eastern Shore out of touch in more ways than 

 one with the rest of the state. Tbe experiment station 

 is located on the Western Shore, where the horticultural 



