PAPAVER 



grower if planted thickly. The fls. are of an intense 

 cardinal color, without black blotch; the outer petals 

 much larger than the inner, overlapping at the edges, 

 giving it the appearance of a tulip. P. arenariuni, in the 

 writer's experience, is scarcely worth growing. 



R. B. Whyte. 



INDEX. 



aculeatum, 12. French, 4. Peacock, 16. 



albillorum, 15. Qariepinum, 12. Persicum. 17. 



album, U, 1,1. glaucum, 11. pilosum. 13. 



alpinum, 15. grandiflonrm. 2. plenum, 2. 



arenarium. 7. Qreenlandiciim, 14. praecox. 3. 



Atlanticum, 5. Hookeri, 4. puniceum, 14. 



aurantiaeum, 14, 15. korriduin, 12. Pyrenaicum, 15. 



bracteatum, 3. hybridum, 2. 3. ranunculidorum, 4. 



Bride, 1. immaculatura, 2. Rhceas. 4. 



Californicum, 9. involucrattim, 3. roseum, 3, 15. 



eardiuale, 1. Japanese, 4. rubro-aurantiacum. 



Caucasicum, 6. Japonicura, 4. 14. 



Chinese, 1. Isevigatum, 8. nibrum, 15. 



coceineum, 14. luteura, 14, 15. rupifragiim, 10, 5. 



commutatum^ 4. Mephisto, 1. semiplenum, 2. 



Corn, 4. Mikado, i. setigerum, 1. 



croceum, 14. Murselli, 1. Shirley, 4. 



Danebrog, 1. nanum, 2. Sintenisii, 2. 



Danish Oross, 1. nudieaide, 14. somnifemm, 1. 



Danish Flag, 1. Opium, 1. splendens. 2. 



fimbriatum, 1. orieutale, 2. striatum, 14. 



Flag of Truce, 1. pffioniiedoram, 1. sulphureum, 14. 



flaviflorum, 15. paeony-flowered, 1. Tulip, 11. 



fiavum, 15. Parkmaiini, 2, 3. umbrosum, 4. 



floribundum, 6. Pavoninum. 16. Victorian Cross. 1. 

 Pavonium, 16. 



A. Capsule not bristly. 



B. JPllaments dilated at apex. 



c. Foliage glaucous 1. somnifemm 



cc. Foliage green, 



D. Fls. not bracted 2. orientale 



DD. Fls. with large, leafy 



bracts 3. bracteatum 



BB. Filaments not dilated at 

 apej'. 

 c. Stem-lvs, not clasping. 

 D. Herbage decidedly 

 bristly or hairy. 

 E. Stigmatic rays 8-10. 4. Rhoeas 

 KE. Stigmatic rays 6-S.. 5. rupifragum, 



var. Atlanticum 

 EEE. Stigmatic rags S-fi . . 6. Caucasicum 

 DD. HerlHUft' sparlnfffi/ 

 b r IS / / ,/ ,),■ mrrel'g 

 pilosi-pubcicent. 

 E. Petals purple, spotted 

 dark. 

 F. Lrs. bipinnatisect. 7. arenarium 

 FF. Lvs. piym atel y 



parted 8. leevigatum 



EE. Pe ia Is brick - red, 



spnitnl qree» 9. Califomicum 



EEE. Pelii/x iinniiir - ml, 



misii.^lli'i? in. rupifragum 



CC. Stem-lrs.rhi.yiiini 11. glaucum 



D. Herbage bristly 12. aculeatum 



DD. Herbage soft-hairy 13. pilosum 



AA. Capsule bristly 



B. Stems leafless 14. nudicaule 



15. alpinum 

 BB. Stems leafy. 



c. Sepals appendaged: cap- 

 side minute 16. Pavoninum 



CO. Sepals not appendaged: 



capsule large 17. Persicum 



1. somnlferum, Linn. Opium Poppy. Fig. 163C. Ro- 

 bust, glaucous and glabrous plant, 3-4 ft. high, with fls. 

 4-.5 in. acros.s, much larger than those of any annual 

 kind. Lvs. oblong, unequally toothed at the base; stem- 

 lvs. cordate at the base: petals orbieulate, every shade 

 from white through pink and red to purple, but not yel- 

 low or blue: capsule obovate, stalked, with a flat disk. 

 Greece, Orient. Gn. 9, p. 197. Gt. 40, p. 609; 44, p. 

 593. R.H. 1893. p. .349. S.H. 2:272. 



Among the double forms there are two main strains 

 or types, the carnation-fld. and the pa?onv-fld. (the lat- 

 ter P. pwonimfldrum, Hort. ). The former has fringed 



PAPAVER 1207 



petal.s; the latter not. Both include a wide range of 

 color, and even a yellow form is advertised, but this 

 form is of doubtful authenticity. P. Murselli is an- 

 other strain of double fringed kinds, of which Mikado 

 is a favorite. P. fimbriiUum is another trade name for 

 double fringed varietbs. /'. lui r.li mile is not a botanical 

 name. It is the French iiaiiir of i anlinal, another strain 

 of double fringed fls. CliiiiiM- Puppies are a double-fld. 

 race introduced from Chinese gardens in the early nine- 

 ties and comprising dwarfer than strains previously 

 known. R.H. 1893, p. 349. An exceptionally interesting 

 monstrosity has occurred in which there are no petals, 

 and the stamens are supposed to be transformed into 

 pistils which actually ripen seed. It was figured as long 

 ago as 1851 in F.S. 6, p. 242 and again in R.H. 1893, 

 p. 349. It seems to be no longer advertised, but it was 

 considered constant. 



Among the single varieties, Danebrog is one of the 

 most striking and popular. The white spots at the base 

 of the petals form a cross. This var. is also known as 

 Danish Cross, Danish Flag and Victorian Cross. Of the 

 pure white kinds, Flag of Truce and The Bride are favor- 

 ites. Mephisto is scarlet, spotted black. About a dozen 

 other varieties are advertised by name. 



Var. setigerum {P. setigerum, DC). P. setigerum is 

 no longer advertised, but according to Nicholson numer- 

 ous fine strains have originated from it. P. setigerum 

 is now considered a hairy form of P. somniferum. It is 

 a violet-fid. plant native to Corsica and Hy^res. It dif- 

 fers in having oblong lvs. which are incised-toothed. the 

 teeth being narrower and more pointed; also the cap- 

 sule is not stalked, as it sometimes is in P. somniferum. 

 S.B.F.G. 172. 



2. orientile, Linn. Oriental Poppy. Fig. 1637-8. This 

 and the next are the most robust and large-fld. Poppies; 

 also the best, commonest and longest lived of the per- 

 ennials. Plants grow 3-4 ft. high and bear fls. 6 in. or 

 more across. Lvs. hispid, pinnately parted; lobes ob- 

 long-lanceolate, serrate: capsule obovate, with a flat 

 disk: stigmatic rays 11-15. In P. orientale the petals 

 are originally scarlet with a black spot. It was not until 

 late in the eighties that this species made a decided 

 break in color. A considerable class of hybrids with P. 

 bracteatum has arisen which extends the color range 

 through several shades of red to orange, salmon and 

 pale pink. Some are uuspt.ttiil, sc.ujc are adapted to 

 cuttini,'. ami liuuldiiif h:is iii.idr sc.iiir priiL,'n-.-s. Among 

 the Laliii nanus ..( vari.ti.s l,..I,,ni,-in}.' t" tliis class are 

 grandifldrum, hybridum, Immaculatum, nanum, splen- 

 dens, PArkmanni, plenum, semiplenum, and Sintenisii. 

 Abdut a dozen have ivci-ivi-d .-oinnion or personal names. 

 Asia Minor. Persia. <in. 24, p. l.V.I; 42:8:ki. V. 12:33.- 

 T. D. Hatfield makes the following notes: "Oriental 

 Poppies are better divided after blooming, in late July 

 or August. They always grow in the autumn, and these 

 <livided plants woiild start away and make good growth. 

 It divided in spring, they would not recover in time to 



bl n. Any extra good variety can be increased largely 



by cutting the roots into short pieces. This also is best 

 done in the summer time." 



3. bracteatum, Lindl. (P. orientdle,-va.T.bracteiUum). 

 Differs from the preceding in having large, leafy bracts. 

 According to Boissier the color of this speci.s in the 

 wild is blood-red and of P. orientale scarlet. Also the 

 fls. of P. bractealum are said to be earlier, the lvs. con- 

 cave instead of flat and the stigmatic rays 16-18 instead 

 of 11-15. Caucasus, Persia. B.R. 8:658. G.C. 1860:647. 

 — A variety with petals more or less united into one was 

 mentioned in 1802-5 in F.S. 15, p. 180, but it seems to be 

 unknown now. Vars. hybridum, Parkmanni, prsecox and 

 rdseum are advertised, .s,,. also species Xo. 2. P. in- 

 ralurrufum, var. maxiiiiinii, lla:it;c A: Schmidt, seems 

 to be a new and undescribcd kind. The name suggests 

 that it may belong here. 



4. Ehoeas, Linn. Corn Poppy. This is typically 

 a dwarf, green, bristly plant, with pinnately parted 

 foliage and fls. about 2 in. across, two of the petals 

 smaller than the others, all scarlet and spotted black. 

 Height 2 ft. or less. In cultivation every shade known 

 to the Opium Poppy has been reproduced in the Corn 

 Poppy, but the fls. are always smaller. In the wild it 

 varies greatly, the foliage once or twice pinnately 



