1208 



papa\t;r 



PAPAVER 



parted, the bristles many or few, appressed or spread- 

 ing, the Hs. spotted or not. Eu., Orient. Gn. aO, p. 297. 

 — tip to 1 886 the French Poppies were considered the best 

 strain. Since then' the lovely strain known as Shirley 

 Poppies has surpassed all others. This strain was de- 

 veloped by the Rev. W. Wilks, secretary of the Royal 

 Horticultural Society. It is one of the finest contribu- 

 tions to floriculture ever made by an amateur (see p. 

 1206). Var. ranunculifl6rum, Hurt., is a strain with 



1638. Oriental Poppy, Papaver onentale (X %). 



double fls. in various colors, self and variegated, with 

 the petals entire, rounded and somewhat reflexed. Var. 

 Jap6nicum, Hort., is a strain introduced about 1893 from 

 Ja|):inesi' ijardens, and said to have smaller and fuller 

 fls. than ordinary and of more varied shades. They are 

 called Japanese or Japanese Pompons. Rhoeas was the 

 name used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for the 

 Corn Poppy. 



Var. umbrdsum, Mottet( P.iiinhrosiim. FTort.). is a plant 

 with petals of :i .birki-r n-d tli;in tin- tvpi.-al J>. Wiaas 

 and blai-kish s|„it>i. It was iTitrodiu/td by Vilmorin 

 about 1891, and was considered a marked gain in pro- 

 ductiveness. The habit is dwarf, compact, much 

 branched. Soon after a double form was distributed. 

 Mottet considers it a form of P. Rlinea^, but some bot- 



anists consider it a foi 

 from a single trade spei 

 it is a nearly glabrous ; 

 bristly, but othe: 



:if P. rotiiiiiHhiliiiii. Judging 

 en, till- uiidi-rsiuii.-d supposes 

 11 .,{ /'. l,'l,u„.-< : III,, l.uds are 

 : plant has only a very few 

 appressed hairs on the peduncles and on the Ivs. along 

 the midribs. P. umhrosnm was found growing wild in 

 Attica. P. commtitatum is a species closely allied to 

 P. Rhceas^ and differs in having the petals obovate 

 and not overlapping instead of orbicular and overlap- 

 ping, while the anthers are ovate instead of oblong. 

 R.H. 1891, p. 431; 1893:12; 1893, p. 350. G.C. II. 22:49. 

 V. 9:187. 



Var. Hodkeri {P. Bnblteri, Baker). A puzzling plant 

 found in the gardens of India, and of unknown parent- 

 age. It is nearest to P. Rhoeas, and "differs in its great 

 size, for it forms a bushy herb 4 ft. high and upwards, 

 and in the great number of the stigmatic rays, which 



are 12-20, i.e., nearly double those of P. Rhceus; the 

 fls., capsule and seeds also are much larger and the 

 stigma broader in proportion." The fls. attain 3% in. 

 indiam.,and vary from pale rose to bright crimson, 

 with a white or black spot at the base. B.M. 6729. Gn. 

 29, p. 139. G.C. II. 25:9. Procurable from England. - 

 Said to revert occasionally to P. Rhoeas. 



5. ruplfragum, var. Atlanticum, Ball (P. AlWnticnm, 

 Haage <t Schmidt). Huaiy aiid everywhere covered with 

 copious spreading hairs i xrejit the glabrous capsule: 

 height 1-2 ft.: Ivs. oblauceolate; hairs spreading: fls. 

 2-3 in. across; petals orange-red or -scarlet; stigmatic 

 rays 6-8: capsuls club-shaped. Morocco, 6,000-7,000 ft. 

 B.M. 7107. 



6. Cauc&sicum, Bieb. (P. floribtlndum, Desf. ). Bien- 

 nial, more or less setose: Ivs. bipinnately parted or dis- 

 sected: buds ovate: calyx glabrous or sparsely setose: 

 petals somewhat in pairs: stigmatic rays 3-C. Caucasus. 

 B.M. 1675 (brick-red, not spotted). B'.R. 2:134. 



7. aren^rium, Bieb. Annual, sparingly beset with 

 bristles which are spreading on the stem and appressed 

 on the foliage: Ivs. twice pinnatisect into minute linear 

 strips: fls. purple, with a dark spot at the base of each 

 petal; filaments not dilated: capsule obovate or top- 

 shaped, with a convex disk: stigmatic rays 7-9. Sandy 

 places in Caucasus and Caspian region. — Procurable in 

 England. 



8. IsBvigitum, Bieb. Glabrous or with a few small 

 bristles: fls. purple, usually spotted; petals minute, 

 obovate: capsule narrowly top-shaped or club-shaped: 

 stigmatic rays 8-10. Greece, Orient. — It is doubtful 

 whether the plant sold under this name is true, for in 

 G.C. III. 5:21 it is shown with large, roundish, over- 

 lapping petals. 



9. Califbrnicum, Gray. Annual, sparsely pilose-pubes- 

 cent, 1-'2'A ft. high: Ivs. pinnately parted or divided 

 into acutish toothed or 3-lobed or entire segments: fls. 

 2 in. across; petals brick-red, with a green spot at the 

 base bordered with rose-red : capsule between club- and 

 top-shaped, flat on top. Santa Inez Mountains and north- 

 ward in California. Offered in 1891 by Peter Henderson, 

 who described it as "pinkish orange with center of sul- 

 phur-yellow." Probably procurable from Calif. 



10. rupiSragum, Boiss. & Rent. Dull green, nearly 

 glabrous. Spain. The typical form offered in England. 

 See No. 5. 



11. glailcum, Boiss. & Hausskn. Tulip Poppy. Per- 

 ennial, glaucous and glabrous except a few small, ap- 

 pressed bristles along the peduncles, branched at the 

 base: stem-lvs. broadly cordate at the base, pinnately 

 lobed or parted ; the lobes triangular, dentate; the teeth 

 obtuse, callous, muticous: petals large, scarlet, spotted 

 at the base: capsule ovate, stalked; stigmatic rays about 

 12. Syria. Gt. 40, p. 608. repeated in G.C. III. 10:527. 

 R.B. 20, p. 58. S.H. 2:467 and V. 15:37. R.H. 1892, p. 

 463; 1893, p. 350. Int. 1891 by Penary, of Erfurt.-lhe 

 charming plant sold under this name reminds one im- 

 mediately of a tulip because of the color and texture of 

 the flower, but especially because of its cup-like shape. 

 The two inner petals are smaller, erect, and make a loose 

 cup. The plants grow about 12-14 in. high and produce 

 50-60 large fls. 



12. acule^tum, Thunb. (P. Garieptnum, Burch. P. 

 h6rriilum, DC). Annual, 1-4 ft. high: stem branched, 

 densely covered with spreading, rigid, unefjual bristles: 

 Ivs. green, sinuately pinnatiHd. the lariniations spine- 

 tipped: fls. scarcely 2 in. across; petals scarlet-orange, 

 unspotted: capsule glabrous, oblong cil.civaii'. S.Africa, 

 Australia. B.M. 3623. -The only l'i'p|'.\ known to in- 

 habit the southeni hemisphere. Prociualilc in England. 

 Annual in S. Africa, but said to be biennial in northern 

 botanic gardens. 



13. pildsum, Sibtb. and Sra. Perennial. This flower is 

 about 3 in. across, brick-red, the petals all of a size and 

 with a pale spot at the base: stems tall and scabrous, 

 freely branched: Ivs. covered with velvety, appressed 

 hairs; stem-lvs. clasping, broadly oblong, lobed and 

 serrate: cap.sule glabrous, oblong-club-shaped : stigmatic 

 rays 6-7. Rocky alpine heights of Mt. Olvmpus in 

 Bithvnia. B.M. 4749. Gn. 41, p. 277; 42, p. 585. 



