1216 



PARK 



PARKINSONIA 



direct from the board, are employed an engineer, local 

 superintendents, gardeners, foremen, etc. The engineer 

 is generally an assistant of the city engineer, assigned 

 temporarily to park work. When new parks are to be 

 acquired or plans are to be made for their development, 

 a professional landscape architect is employed to advise 



1646. A park-like effect in a private garden. 



the board and to make plans, and is usually retained at 

 least in a consulting capacity during the period of con- 

 struction. Some large cities retain a consulting land- 

 scape architect permanently to advise them with regard 

 to questions of improvement and maintenance affecting 

 the design of the parks. 



iS(aiJs;»cs. — Reliable statistics of parks are almost 

 unattainable. The accompanying incomplete compila- 

 tion (see foot of page) was made in 1897 by the secre- 

 tary of the Louisville Park Commission. Some items 

 are corrected to 1900. 



Bibliography. — "Park" in American Cyclopedia, En- 

 cyclopedia Americana, Johnson's Cyclopedia ; Park 

 Reports of the various cities, especially New York. 



1857-1868, special report accompanying plan of Central 

 Park, 1858; Brooklyn, 1807-1873, special report accom- 

 panying plan of Prospect Park, 1866; Boston, 1879, 1880, 

 1885, city document 125 of 1880; Boston, Metropolitan 

 District, 1893; Buffalo, 1871, 1886, 1888; Chicago, report 

 on plan of South Park, 1871 ; Montreal, report on 

 Mount Royal, with plan, 1881. See Pro- 

 ceedings American Social Science Asso- 

 ciation, 1870, 1880; "Mass. Park Law," 

 state printers, 1894 ; Proc. Amer. Park 

 and Outdoor Arts Assoc. 



F. L. Olmsted, Jr. 



PARKINSONIA (John Parkinson, 1567- 

 II 9, Loudon apothecary, author of the de- 

 lightful Paradisus Terrestris and Thea- 

 tr im Botanicum). Leyuminbsa'. Seven 

 or 8 species of tropical trees or shrubs, 

 often armed with short spines: Ivs. bi- 

 pmnate, with 1 or 2 pairs of pinnfe; the 

 common petiole short, often obsolete or 

 spmescent; stipules minute or none: fls. 

 yellow or whitish, on slender pedicels in 

 short, loose axillary or terminal racemes; 

 calyx 5-parted, produced at base and 

 jomted upon the pedicel; petals 5, clawed, 

 tl e upper one within and broader than the 

 rest, somewhat cordate, the claw pubes- 

 cent and nectariferous on the inner side; 

 stamens 10, free, the upper one gibbous 

 outside : ovary several - ovuled, shortly 

 stipitate : pod compressed, 2-valved, lin- 

 ear to linear-oblong, more or less twisted: seeds com- 

 pressed, albuminous. Bot. Calif. 1:161. 



The dominant type, both in the wild and in cult., is 

 P. aculeata, the Jerusalem Thorn, which is probably a 

 native of America, but is naturalized or cult, in all tropi- 

 cal countries. Another species is S. African, 3 are 

 S. American, and the rest belong to the region between 

 Texas and S. Calif. P. aculeata is a thorny evergreen 

 tree with feathery drooping branches and handsome yel- 

 low fls. ; it is admirable for hedges, thrives in the driest 

 places and can endure some cold. It has been cult, in 

 European conservatories, being usually raised from im- 

 ported seeds, but it is of difiicult culture. P. Torreyana, 

 though generally destitute of Ivs., is known in northern 



., >-.-.. ■'Vf. /urge 



Name of Ctty. farts' 



Albany, N. Y 3 



Baltimore. Md 9 



^Boston, Mass., proper 9 



gBoston Metropolitan— Reservations. 13 



Parkways 7 



^Buffalo 6 



Cambridge. Mass 1 



Chicago, 111 9 



Cincinnati, Ohio 6 



Cleveland, Ohio 8 



Des Moines, Iowa 4 



Denver, Colo 9 



Duluth, Minn 4 



gBssex County, N. J 3 



Hartford, Conn 6 



Indianapolis, Ind 1 



Kansas City, Mo 3 



Louisville, Ky ■ 3 



Parkway 



Milwaukee, Wis 7 



Minneapolis, Minn Ill 



Boulevards U J 



New York City P."i.rk .System 



Borough of Brooklyn 2 



Omaha, Neb 6 



Peoria, III 4 



Pittsburgh, Pa 1 



Philadelphia, Pa 1 



Richmond, Va 4 



St. Louis. Mo 10 



St. P.-vul, Minn 2 



San Francisco, Cal 3 



Springfield, Mass 1 



Toledo, Ohio 8 



Washington. D. C 18 



Wilmington, Del 3 



^ Figures corrected to 1900. 



T Includes maintenance 7 years. 



1,100 

 1,894 

 9,279 46 

 17.1M 



