Kemarks. 

 c c a s i o n ;i 1 1 y good 

 [euough for dessert. 



PEAR 



■ Name. Season. Remarks.. 



Tyson e. Aug. b. Sept. . A tardy 1 learer. 



Stevens Genesee b. Sept Kots soon at l he core. 



Clapp b. m. 8ept Rots soon at the core. 



Washington m. Sept. 



Belle Lucrative m. e. Sept. 



Bosc e. Sept. (let. 



White Doyenne e. Sept. Nov Liable to crack badly. 



Seckel Oct. 



Sarah Oct. 



.Anjou Oct. Nov. 



Gray Doyenne m. Oct. Nov. 



Reeder Nov. 



Emile d' Heyst Nov. Dec. 



Mount Vernon Nov. Dec. 



Dana Hovey Nov. Jan. 



Laiigelier Nov. Feb. 



Prin.-e St. Germain. ... Nov. March. 



Lawrence Dec. 



Winter Nelis Dec. Jan. [South. 



Easter Jan. March Succeeds best at the 



(6) Culinary Pears: Very few dessert Pears are foimd 

 to be satisfactory for culinary uses, since they too gen- 

 erally lose at least a portion of their flavor and aroma 

 in the process of cooking. There are, however, several 

 varieties of high, austere character which prove adapted 

 to this purpose, among which are the following: 



Name. Season. 



Vicar Nov. Jan 



Black Wonester N..v. Feb. 



C.atillac Nov. March. 



Pound Dec. Feb. 



(c) Market Pears: The markets demand varieties of 

 attractive appearance, of at least medium size and of 

 fine texture. To the grower, productiveness and vigor 

 of tree are also of primary importance. If possessing 

 the foregoing characteristics, a variety may prove at 

 least temporarily popular, even though of comparatively 

 low quality. The following varieties, some of which 

 may also be found in the amateur list, are all more or 

 less popular as market fruits : 



Name. Season. Eemarks. 



Tyson e. Aug. b. Sept.. Excellent, but a tardy 



bearer. 

 Sterling e. Aug, m. Sept.. Productive, and ex- 

 ceedingly beautiful. 



Clapp b. m. Sept Rots soon at the core. 



Bartlett b. e. Sept Leading market Pear. 



Souvenir du Congress, .b. e. Sept Sometimes very large. 



Buffum m. Sept Variable iu quality. 



Howell m.Sept. Oct. 



Flemish Beauty '. .m.e. Sept Rots soon at the core. 



Bosc e.Sept. Oct Excellent for all pur- 



Boussock e. Sept. Oct. f poses. 



Louise Bonne e. Sept. f )ct Grown only as a dwarf. 



Onondaga e. Sept. Nov. 



Superfln Oct. 



Sheldon Oct Is russeted and dull in 



Rutter Oct. Nov. [color. 



Anjou Oct. Nov. [43°. 



Kieffer Oct. Nov Not valuable north of 



Le Conte Oct. Nov Succeeds best at the 



extreme south. 



Angouleme Oct. Nov Grown only on quince 



Diel Oct. Dec. [stocks. 



Clairgeau Oct. Jan. 



Columbia Nov. Jan 



McLaughlin Nov. Jan. 



Lawrence Dec. 



Josephine of Malines..Jan. Feb. 



15. Belafh-e Desirableness of Dwarfs.- There are 

 a few varieties, among which Louise Bonne and An- 

 gouleme may be especially mentioned, which on free 

 (Pear) stocks are either tardy bearers or require to be 

 fruited several years before developing their ultimate 

 qualities, but which succeed tmusually well upon the 

 quince, developing at once upon that stock their ulti- 

 mate qualities. These, especially the Angouleme, are 

 valued as market varieties when grown as dwarfs. 



Angouleme, and perhaps some other varieties as 

 dwarfs, occasionally bloom so profusely as apparently 

 to prove unable to develop the fruit, which in conse- 

 quence proves abortive. The natural and obvious rem- 

 edy in such case is disbudding, or its equivalent, cutting- 

 back the fruit-bearing shoots before growth is com- 

 menced. 



PEAR 



1249 



The fact that very many varieties are not perma- 

 nently successful when grown upon the quince is 

 doubtless partially, if not iu many cases even wholly, 

 due to their increased tendency to early and excessive 

 productiveness when grown upon that stock, which, 

 uwin^ to the very common unwillingness of the grower 

 to rt'move the excess of fruit, is allowed to consume the 

 material needed for wood growth, and thus to occasicm 

 exhaustion before the tree has gained a thorough hold 

 upon the soil. 



If, with any variety capable of forming a satisfactory 

 union with the quince, and with the tree planted in the 

 manner heretofore described, the entire crop of bloom 

 or incipient fruit of the first one, two or even three 

 years {dependent upon the vigor of the tree) were re- 

 moved, and if subsequent crops were carefully and 

 thoroughly thinned, it is at least highly probable that 

 permanent health and longevity would prove nearly or 

 quite as general with dwarfs as with standards, thus 

 permitting the more extensive growth of the Pear in 

 greater variety in small or amateur plantations and in 

 limited grounds than is practicable with the iise of 

 standards. ^ rj^ Lyon. 



v« . 



1690. Ladders used in New Jersey for picking Pears. 



(See p. 1250.) 



Pears on the Northern Plains. — The culture of 

 Pears in the middle west follows the general lines of 

 Pear growing in the Atlantic States, but there are some 

 radical points of difference. The difficulties of Pear 

 growing in the upper Mississippi Valley are many and 

 grievous. Above the fortieth parallel and west of the 

 Great Lakes, nearly all efforts have been failures. The 

 best successes have been on high, rather steep ridges 

 and bluffs near watercourses, with light colored clay 

 soils and northerly exposures. Pear trees are not planted 

 to the bottom or to the top, but in belts midway around 

 the slopes. Plums maybe used lower down and cherries 

 above. 



The ground should be already set in clover or blue 

 grass. Small circles are spaded out for the trees. These 

 are cultivated with the hoe and widened with the growth 

 of the tree. Small trees branched very low are best. 

 The trees may be cut back the second year to within a 

 few inches of the ground. Only a very moderate annual 

 growth is desirable. 



Use no manure until the tree has borne several crops 

 of fruit, and then only with extreme care. Rich, black 

 soils, plenty of manure and clean culture are deadly to 

 Pear trees in this region. 



The critical period is that of the first fruit crop. The 

 deadly euemy is blight, which is sure to appear then. 

 The successful Pear grower must not neglect his orchard 

 a single day during the season of blight, but watch for 

 the enemy and cut out and burn every blighted twig as 

 soon as seen. Sultry, damp weather in June is most 

 critical. 



Such varieties as Warner, Longworth. Vermont Beauty, 

 Koonce, Kieffer, etc., are said to succeed further north 

 and resist blight better than any others. Under slightly 

 more favorable conditions, Clairgeau, Howell, Seckel, 

 Ty.son, Washington, Flemish Beauty, etc., may be used. 



The hardiest and blight-resistant varieties may be 

 grown and when in bearing a branch or two grafted with 

 a more delicate sort with success. p l Watrous. 



