1268 



PENTLANDIA 



PENTLANDIA. See Ureeolina. 



PENTSTfiMON (Greek for five stamens, all 5 stamens 

 beiuj; present, whereas related genera have only 4; but 

 in Pentstemon one of the stamens is commonly sterile). 

 Scrophularidcew. Pentstemon. Beard-tongue. For 

 the hardy border, Pentstemons are most satisfactory 

 plants, and the great number of showy species allows 

 much latitude in choice of color and habit. All are per- 

 ennial, but some of them bloom the tirst year from 

 .seed. In a dry and hot place they are likely to be 

 short-lived, although nearly all the species thrive best 

 in fidl exposure to sun. They are not particular as to 

 soil. They are propagated by division and by seed. 

 Many of the species are not hardy in the northern 

 states, but P. barbatiis and its varieties, P. pttbes- 

 cens, P. hevigatus and variety, P. confvrtus and va- 

 riety, P. difhisus, P. ovatus, P. grandiflortis, P. acii 

 minutiis, P. crerulens, P. glaber and varieties, and also 

 others, may be expected to stand in the North, par- 

 ticularly if given a protection of leaves. An excellent 

 garden race has been produced, here designated as P. 

 gloxinioides. This seems to be a product of hybridiza- 

 tion and selection. It is little known in American gar- 

 dens, although it is a handsome and deserving plant. 

 Some of the forms of it are treated as annuals. 



Pentstemon is a typical American genus. One species 

 is native to northeastern Asia and several to the cooler 

 parts of Mexico, but the larger number of the 100 species 

 inhabit the United States and Canada, particularly the 

 western parts. They are all herbs, although some species 

 are somewhat woody at the base. They bear long-tubu- 

 lar often 2-lipped flowers in terminal usually inter- 

 rupted or leafy clusters. The anther-bearing stamens 

 are 4, the cells of which are united or confluent at the 

 apex but separate at the base; the fifth stamen is repre- 

 sented by a prominent sterile filament (which rarely 

 bears an anther). The style is filiform and the stigma 

 entire; the fruit is a globular-pointed capsule, contain- 

 ing wingless seeds. 



It is difficult to so arrange the species of Pentstemon 

 as to make them easy of determination by the horticul- 

 turist. There is no monograph of all the species, but 

 Gray's account in the Synoptical Flora (Vol. 2. Part 1) 

 describes the American species north of Mexico; and 

 this account has been closely followed here. The ar- 

 rangement of species, however, has been modified con- 

 siderably to admit the Mexican species and to make the 

 group easier for the beginner. The following account 

 contains all the Pentstemons, with one exception, known 

 to be in the Amer. trade. This exception is "P. rubi- 

 cmilis; 1 ft., rich crimson, from Oregon," which is in 

 the trade but unknown to the writer. Other species are 

 mentioned in Old World literature. Other native spe- 

 cies will appear in the Amer. trade: these may be found 

 in Gray. 



INDEX. 



acumiuatus, 14. diffusus. 34. Newberryi. 1. 



angustifotius, 19. Digitalis. 23. ov.itus, 30. 



antirrhinoides. 3. Douglasii, 1. Palmeri. 24. 



atropurpureus , 19. gentianoides, 6. procerus, 17. 



azureus, 38. gluber, 9. pubeseens. 31. 



barbatus. 5. gbuidulosus, 32. pulchellus, 19. 



cseruleo-purpureus, gloxinioides. 7. puniceus, 10. 



17. Oordoni, 9. Richardsoni, 35. 



CEenileus, 15. gracilenlus, 36. Robinsoni, 1. 



carapanxilatus. 19. grjicilis, 21. roseus, 19. 



centranthifolius, 8. grandiflorus, 12. rotundifolius, 18. 



Clevelandi, 25. Hartwegi, 6. .Scouleri, 1. 



CobBea. 28. heterophylhxs, 39. secundiflorus, 16. 



coccineus, 5. humilis, 20. speHosvs, 9. 



confertus, 17. Jaffrayanus, 38. speetabilis, 27. 



cordifolius, 2. Iffitiis, 37. staticifolius, 32. 



crassifolius, 1. tovigatus. 23. Torreyi, 5. 



cristatus, 29. Lemmoni. 4. tubiflorus, 22. 



c.yananthus, 9. Lobbii, 3. venustus, 33. 



cyanthus, 9. Menziesii, 1. Wrightii, 11. 



deustus, 26. Murrayanus, 13. 



A. VeUs of anthers dehisei'iil fnr nenrhj or quite their 



whole length, united m- •■,.i,inr<iil ut the apex and 



soon spreading from enrli otlny. (a.\. No. 32.) 



B. Anthers covered tvilh long wool, 



1. Menziesii, Hook. Woody at base, 1 ft. or less high: 



Ivs. thick, obovate to oblong, serrate or entire, mostly 



glabrous, the lower ones short-stalked: cluster a raceme, 



PENTSTE.il ON 



pubescent, fls, ] in. or more long, violet-blue to purple, 

 usually 1 on eacli jiedicel, the upper lip 2-cleft and the 

 lower 2-eU-ft. \\'yo., west and northwest. 



Var. Newberryi, Gray (var. Rdbinsoni, Mast.). Fls. 

 pink or rose-purple. Calif. G.C. 1872:909. 



Var. Douglasii, Gray (P, Donglasii, Hook. P, crassi- 

 folius, LimW.}. Fls. lilac-purple, pink at base: Ivs. ob- 

 long or obovate-lanceolate, entire. Ore., north. B.R. 

 24:ie. 



Var. Scoiileri, Gray (P. Scokleri, Lindl.). Fls. violet- 

 purple: Ivs. lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, sparsely ser- 

 rulate. Ore., north. B.R. 15:1277. B.M. 6834. G.C. III. 

 7, p. 204. Gn. 52, p. 42. 



BB. Anthers glabrous or only hairy {not woolly). 



c. Plant semi-scayident (somewhat climbing) by means 



of long, slender branches. 



2. cordifdlius, Benth. Plant very leafy, somewhat 

 pubescent; Ivs. ovate, serrate. 1 in. or less long, clus- 

 ter or thyrse short and leafy, the peduncles sever.il-Hd. : 

 corolla tubular, scarlet, the tube 1 in. long and the limb 

 half as long. S.Calif. R.H. 1850:221. 



cc. Plant erect, self-supporting. 

 D. Corolla lemon-yellow to yellow-red. 



3. antirrhinoides, Benth. (P. i^tifc/Ki.Hort.). Plant 1-5 

 ft., glabrous or nearly so, branched and leafy: Ivs. 

 small, oval or s]iatulate. entire: fls. in leafy panicles, 

 the peduncles 1-fld., tin- broad fls. about 1 in. long, the 

 lower lip deeply 2-lobed ; sterile filament bearded on one 

 side. S. Calif. B.M. 0157. l.H. 9:315. 



4. Lemmoni, Gray. Slender shrub, 5 ft. or less tall, 

 bright green and glabrous : Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, 

 toothed: panicle loose and branchy, the long peduncles 

 2-7-fld.: fls. small, dull yellowish and red, the seg- 

 ments nearly equal. Central Calif. 



DD. Corolla not yellow {^tnless occasionally in P. con- 

 fertus), mostly in shades of red or purple, some- 

 times white. 

 E. Stem and Ivs. glabrous, at least up to the inflores- 

 cence. (EE. No. 28.) 

 F. Corolla long and slender, not swollen near the base 

 or greatly widened at the mouth: straight-flowered 

 species. 



5. barbitus, Nutt. Tall, erect, branching, glabrous 

 and more or less glaucous herbs : Ivs. firm, varying 

 from lanceolate to linear, entire, strong-veined, the 

 radical ones oblanceolate or spatulate: fl. -cluster long 

 and open, narrow, the peduncles about 2-3-fld. : fls. slen- 

 der, about 1 in. long in wild forms, strongly 2-lipped, 

 varying from light pink and flesh color to carmine, 

 the lower lip usually bearded. Colo., south. B.R. 25:21. 

 R.H. 1896, p. 347. Mn. 7:141. — A showy perennial, and 

 common in cult. One of the best. 



Var. T6rreyi, Gray {P. Tdrreyi, Benth.), is a scarlet- 

 fld. form, with almost no beard on the lower lip; the 

 commonest form of the species in cult. Excellent. 



Var. coccineus, Hort., is a scarlet-fld. horticultural 

 form. 



6. HArtwegi, Benth. (P. ffenfiiriioJr/r.^. Lindl.). Tall 

 and erect (3^ ft. high), somewhat liraiulnd. the stems 

 dark purple: Ivs. lanceolate to huicc-ulili.iiK-linear, or 

 the upper ones broader, sessile, glabrous and entire: 

 fl. -cluster somewhat pubescent, long and open, the pedi- 

 cels 3-0-fld.: fls. drooping, dark rich purplish red, 

 slightly curved, the limb somewhat 2-lipped and the 

 lobes acute. Cool regions in Mexico. B.M. 3601. B.R. 

 24:3. Gn. 37, p. 603; 49, p. 406. -A fine garden plant, 

 now much modified by domestication. 



7. gloxinioides, Hort. A race of garden hybrids, issu- 

 ing largely from P. Hartwegi ; the other most important 

 parent being P. Cobcea. Pi-obably other species have 

 entered into the amalgamation. The group needs criti- 

 cal study from the growing plants. The fls. are large, 

 with a broad nearly regular limb, and in many colors. 

 The plants are strong and floriferous. Flowers some- 

 times measure 2 in. across. Some of the strains bloom 

 freely from scrd tln' first year. Not hardy in New York, 

 unless very tlmmnu'lily protected ; it is probably better 

 to winter it in deep ciddframe. 



