1304 



PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



PHILODENDRON 



and are consequently hexagonal, while the points are 

 very strong and sharp." It has five compartments or 

 cells filled with creara-colored pulp in which are imbed- 

 ded two or three seeds the size of chestnuts. The liking 

 for the durian is an acquired taste. "To eat durians," 

 writes Wallace, "is a new sensation, worth a voyage to 

 the East to experience." 



FHILLYR£)A (its ancient Greek name). OUicece. 

 Ornamental evergreen shrubs, with opposite short- 

 petioled, entire or serrate Ivs , small white, usually fra- 

 grant fls. in axillary clusters and small berry-like, 

 dark-colored fruit. Most species are hardy only South, 

 but P. decora, the handsomest of all the species, is 

 probably hardy in sheltered positions as far north as 

 New York. The Phillyreas may be used in the southern 

 states and Calif, for evergreen shrubberies in drier and 

 more exposed localities. They grow in almost any soil 

 and prefer sunny positions; P. decora alone seems to 

 grow better if partly shaded. Prop, by seeds and by 

 cuttings of half-ripened wood under glass in summer 

 or by layers; they are also sometimes grafted on Li- 

 gustrum ovalifolium. Five species in the Mediterranean 

 region. Lvs. entire or serrulate, thick and leathery, 

 quite glabrous: fls small, in axillary short racemes; 

 calyx 4-toothed; corolla 4-lobed, with short tube; sta- 

 mens 2, with very short filaments; style shorter than 

 tube: ovary 2-celied- fr a 1-seeded black drupe. 



A. Lvs. %S in. long: fr. small. 



latiiolia, Linn. Shrub or small tree, to 30 ft., with 

 spreading, somewhat rigid branches: lvs. ovale or oval 

 to ovate-oblong, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, 

 dark green and shining above, pale beneath, %-\}'^ in. 

 long- fr. globose, concave at the apex. May, June. S. 

 Eu., N. Afr. There are several varieties. Var. ISeviB, 

 Ait. Lvs. ovate, almost entire or slightly serrulate. 

 Var. rotimdifdlia, Arb. Kew. Lvs. broadly ovate or 

 roundish ovate. Var. spindsa, Ait. (P. iUeifdlia, Willd.). 

 Lvs. ovate or ovate-oblong, sharply serrate. 



mSdia, Linn. Spreading shrub, to 20 ft.: young 

 brauchlets puberulous : lvs. oblong-ovate to ovate- 

 lanceolate, entire or serrate, dark green and shining 

 above, %-2 in. long: fr. ovoid, pointed. May, June. 

 Mediterranean region. — The most important of the 

 many varieties are the following: Var. buxifdlia, Ait., 

 with oblong-ovate, obtusish lvs. Var. oleae!61ia, Ait. 

 (P. ole(pfolia, Hort. ). Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, almost 

 entire; branches erect. Var. p6ndula. Ait. Branches 

 spreading and somewhat pendulous: lvs. lanceolate. 



angustifdlia, Linn. Spreading shrub, to 15 ft., with 

 glabrous branchlets: lvs. oblong-lanceolate to linear- 

 lanceolate, dull green above, 1-2 in. long: fr. globose 

 or ovoid-globose, pointed. May, June. Mediterranean 

 region. Var, rosmarinifdlia. Ait., has linear-lanceolate 

 lvs., sometimis ovir 2 in. long, and erect branches. 

 The 3 precediiit; sin<ii's are very closely related to each 

 other and considered by some botanists to be varieties 

 of only one species. 



AA. Lvs. S-5 in. long: tr. y{in. long. 



decora, Boiss. & Bal. (P. Vilmorini<hin, Boiss. & 

 Bal. P. luiirifdlia, Hort. P. Meiliredewi,iire>\.l. Shrub, 

 to 10 ft., with spreading branches: lvs. oblong to ob- 

 long-lanceolate, acuminate, usually entire or remotely 

 serrulate, dark green and shining above, yellowish 

 green beneath : fr. oblong-ovoid, purplish black. June, 

 July. W.Asia. B.M. 6800. G.C. III. 4:673; 16:369. 

 R.H. 1889, p. 199; 1895, p. 204, 205. M.D.G. 1898:349. 

 S.H. 2:i)23. Gn. 24, p. 490. Alfred Rehder. 



PHIL0D£NDE0N (Greek compound for tree-loving). 

 Ari'irrii . Sliriiltliy or tree-like, with short internodes, 

 usually l■ljIlll,ill;.^ rarely arboreous: leaves from entire 

 to bipiuiiatittd. Differs from Schismatoglottis in floral 

 ■characters. The flowers are moncecious, on spadices, 

 with no perianth, the sterile with 2-6 stamens united 

 into a sessile obpyramidal body, the pi.stillate fls. with 

 .a 2-10-loculed ovary and some staminodia, the ber- 

 ries inclosed in the involute spathe. The species are 

 all tropical American. They are monographed by En- 

 gler in DC. Plianer. Monogr. 2:355 (1879), and more re- 



cently by the same author in Botanische Jahrbiicher 

 26:509 (1899). In the latter, 167 species are accepted 



Only a few Philodendrons can be grown to have an 

 ornamental appearance in a small state. One which 

 goes under the name of P. elegantissimum, with finely 

 cut leaves, makes a good pot specimen, although it will 

 reach a good height where suitable opportunities are 

 afforded. The same may be said of P. Selloum, a beau- 

 tiful species with pinnatifid leaves. The arborescent 

 kinds should have a very porous rooting medium and 

 copious supplies of water while in active growth. When 

 climbing they must have provision made for the roots, 

 which are produced along the stems. Some of the spe- 

 cies do well climbing up the stems of tall palms, such 

 as Arenga and Livistona ; otherwise dead triinks of 

 tree ferns make admirable rooting substances for the 

 roots to penetrate and cling to. Propagation is by divi- 

 sion of the climbing stems. P. elegantissimum is an 

 unidentified trade name. 



A. Leaves bipmnate. 

 B. Terminal leaf-segment S-lobed, the lobes unequal. 



Selldum, C. Koch {P. Sniowi, Hort.). Blade pinnat- 

 isect, the segments again pinnate or lobed; terminal 

 segment 3-lobed, the cuspidate middle lobe about equal- 

 ing the obtuse lateral ones; spathe slightly cuspi(iate, 

 its tube longer than the ovate hooded blade, green with- 

 out, white within. Distinguished from P. biplnuatifi- 

 dum by the very numerous parallel translucent spots, 

 which are visible on both sides of the leaf and are often 

 excurreut on the margin. Brazil to Paraguay. 



BB. Terminal leaf-segment SS-lohed, the middle lobe 

 much longer than the lateral ones. 

 bipinnatifidum, Schott. Blade pinnatisect, the seg- 

 ments au:;iiii i>iiiniite or lobed: terminal segment 3-5- 

 lobecl, tin- niiclclle lobe ovate-lanceolate, acute, much 

 longer than the obtuse lateral ones; spathe oblong- 

 ovate, its tube scarcely distinct from its blade, purple 

 without, white within. S. Brazil. 



A A. Leaves simple. 

 n. Leaf-blade lanceolate. 

 crassin6rvium, Lindl. Climbing: lvs. lanceolate-acu- 

 minate, tlie niidnerve very thick and inflated: spathe 

 obtuse and hooded, apiculate at the tip. Brazil. B.R. 

 23:1958. — P. »i(ift!«e, Hort., is much like this and per- 

 haps a form of it. It is larger: lvs. obovate-lanceolate: 

 tube of spathe rosy crimson inside and outside, the 

 limb white inside and spotted outside. 



BB. Leaf-blade sagittate. 

 specidsum, Schott. Stem tall, arborescent; petioles 

 terete at the base, concavo-convex above, twice as long 

 as the midrib; blade triangular-oblong-ovate, bright 

 green, acuminate, deeply sagittate, the basal lobes 

 rhomboidal, obtuse, abruptly narrowed on the inner 

 side above the middle; spathes thick, green with pur- 

 ple margins ; spadix finger-shaped, shorter than the 

 spathe. Central Brazil. 



BBB. Leaf-blade oblong to ovate-cordate. 



c. Color of leaf milky white above, with reddish veins. 



Sddiroi, Hort. Lvs. cordate, ovate, milky white with 



reddish veins above; petiole cylindrical, pink. U. S. 



Colombia. 



cc. Color of leaves some shade of green above. 

 D. Petioles tomentose. 

 verrucosum, Mathieu (P. Cdrderi, Hort.). Stem long, 

 branching, climbing, ashy gray, scabrous, angular-cvlin- 

 drical. swollen at the nodes; petioles stout cylindrical 

 or somewhat angled, bright metallic red, covered with 

 soft, erect, twisted, fleshy bristles and greenish hairs; 

 blade glabrous, green above, brilliantly polished, or 

 with paler lines and immersed nerves, bright green 

 beneath with salmon-violet lines between the lateral 

 nerves; ovate-cordate, the semicircular basal lobes one- 

 third as long as the slightly undulate apical one. Inter- 

 nodes of the stem 3-6 in. long: petioles 4-6 in.; blades 

 6-8 in. long. 4-6 in. wide. Venezuelan Andes. I. H. 18:79 

 (as.. P. Daguense). 



