1328 



PHYSOCARPUS 



PHYTEUMA 



guished by the stipulate Ivs. and the often inflated pods 

 dehiscent along both sutures and containing one or few 

 shining yellowish seeds, the bark peeling off in thin 

 strips. Also sometimes united with Neillia. 



opnlifdlius, Maxim. (Spiraia opnlifbUa, Linn. Opu- 

 Idster opnlifdlius, Kuntze). Ninebark. Fig. 1790. 

 Shrub, to 10 ft. high, with wide-spreading and recurv- 

 ing branches : Ivs. roundish ovate, usually cordate at 

 the base, 3-lobed. with the lobes crenately dentate, 1-3 

 in. long, usually glabrous beneath: corymbs 1-2 in. 

 broad, many-fld. ; pedicels and calyx glabrous or pubes- 

 cent: pods 3-5, inflated, much longer than calyx-lobes. 

 June. Quebec to Ga., west to Manitoba and Kansas. 

 B.B. 2:195. — Var. liltea, Kirehn. (var. ailrea, Hort.). 

 Lvs. bright yellow at first, changing to golden bronzy 

 yellow. Var. nina, Kirehn. Dwarf form with smaller, 

 less lobed, dark green lvs. 



Amur^nsis, Jlaxim. {Spir7ea Amurhisis, Maxim. Op- 

 iibistrr A III II reiisls, Kuntze). Similar to the former, 

 hi!,'lirr Miiil (if more vigorous growth : lvs. 3-5-lobed, 

 with acute or acuminate, doubly serrate lobes, usually 

 pubescent beneath, 2-5 in. long: fls. large, with grayish 

 tomentose pedicels and calyx: pods tomentose, only 

 one-third longer than calyx-lobes. June. Amurland. 



P capitatus, Kuntze (Spiriea capitata. Pursh. Opulaster 

 capitatus, Kuntze. S. opulifolia, var. mollis, Terr. & Gray). 

 Closely allied to O. opulifolia. To 20 ft.: lvs. somewhat larger, 

 with serrate, more elongated lobes, tomentose beneath: pedi- 

 cels and calyx tomentose. Ore. to Calif. — P. malvaceris, Kuntze. 

 (O. pauoiflorus, Heller. Neillia malvacea, Greene). To 5 ft.: 

 lvs. slightly 3-lobed, with crenately and obtusely toothed lobes, 

 usually pubescent : corymbs rather f ew-fld. : pods 2-3, not in- 

 flated, tomentose, about as long as sepals. Wyo., Idaho. B. 

 M. 7758 (as Neillia Torreyi).— P. inonfigynus, Coult. (Opulaster 

 monogynus, Kuntze. Spiriea monogyna, Torr. Neillia Torreyi. 

 Wats.). Similar to the preceding, to 3 ft. high: lvs. smaller, 

 %-lHin. long, incisely 3dobed, with ineisely serrate lobes, usu- 

 ally glabrous: pods 1-2. Colo, to Calif. G.F. 2:5. 



Alfred Rehder. 



PHYSOSTfiGIA (Greek, Madder &nA covering; refer- 

 ring to the inflated fruiting calyx). Labi&tce. False 

 Dragon-head. Three or 4 species of hardy herbaceous 

 perennials, native to America, with spikes of gaping 

 fls. of purple, rose color or white. P. Viniiiiiiina, the 

 dominant and most variable type, is frequent in gar- 

 dens and is sometimes called the Obedient Fhmt be- 

 cause its corolla will stay for a while in whatever posi- 

 tion it ia turned, to the right or left. This plant and its 

 varieties have had at least 7 colored plates devoted to 

 them, a large number for any labiate. P. Virginiana 

 is an elegant plant when well grown and it does best in a 

 strong, rather moist, fertile soil. It forms large clumps 

 3-4 ft. high and blooms in July and Aug. Requires fre- 

 quent division or replanting. 



Generic characters: calyx bell-shaped, swollen and 

 remaining open in fr., membranous, 10-nerved; teeth 

 5, equal; corolla 2-lipped, inflated above; upper lip con- 

 cave, rounded, entire; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

 commonly notched ; stamens 4, didynamous^ anther 

 cells jiarallcl. : 



Virgini4na, Benth. (P. VIrglnica, Hort.). Fls. an 

 ineh iuiii;, r;iii:,'ing from purplish red through rosy pink 

 and lilac I., white. B.M. 407. Mn. 7:81. F.R. 5:55. Var. 

 dlba, Hort., is a recent and beautiful white-fld. form. 

 R.H. lS98::f.'JG, 



Var. specidsa, Gray, is a tall form with very acutely 

 serrate lanceolate lvs. and dense-panicled spikes. A 

 Texan form with erect, imbricated fls. B.M. 3386 [P. 

 imbricata). 



Var. denticulita, Gray {P. denticwldtum, Ait.). A 

 lower and imire slender form with crenulate denticulate 

 or obscurely serrare lvs. and more slender or loosely-fld. 

 spikes. Middle AtUuitic states. B.M. 214. 



F. W. Barclay and W. M. 



PHYStTEUS (Greek, bladder and tail; from the purse 

 or pouch-like spur). Orchidttcefv. A genus of about 

 20 species belonging to the category of Goodyera and 

 Ancectochilus, and cult, for their foliage. Stem simple, 

 erect, leafy: lvs. petiolate, ovate to lanceolate: fls. small, 

 in a terminal raceme; petals and dorsal sepals cohering, 

 galeate; lateral sepals free; labellum spurred, strongly 

 concave above the entrance of the spur and abruptly 



contracted, middle lobe spreading or recurved; column 

 short. Natives of the warm regions of Asia and Amer. 

 The American species have their lvs. mostly spotted. 



guerceticola, Lindl. (Ooodyera qnerclcola, Chapm.). 

 Stem ascending, ()-12 in. high: lvs. ovate or oblong- 

 ovate, thin, on slender petioles, spotted with silver-gray : 

 spike densely fld.: sepals and petals oblong, obtuse: 

 labellum concave, ending in a broadly ovate, acuminate 

 and recur\'ed point; spur pouch-like. Aug. Low shady 

 woods, Fla. and westward. Heinrich Hasselbring. 



PHYTfiLEPHAS (Greek, elephant plant; referring 

 to the liard white seeds which can be worked like ivory). 

 Palmitri II . Prostrjite or ascending palms of doubtful 

 relationship, referred by some authorities toPandayiacea^ . 

 They are dioecious, the fls. densely crowded in catkin- 

 like spadices, without any perianth: leaf - segments 

 acuminate. Species 15. South America. 



macroc4rpa, Ruiz & Pav. Ivory-nut Palm. Caudex 

 low: lvs. very long, pinnate. Perti, Venezuela. Gn. 24, 

 p. 468. — Once adv. by Pitcher & Manda. Furnishes 

 the vegetaltle ivory of commerce. Sometimes called 

 Negro's Head. Jared G. Smith. 



PHYTEftMA (old Greek name, meaning simply "a 

 plant," tised by Dioscorides for some mignonette-like 

 herbj. CampanulAceie, Horned Rasipion. Phyteumas 

 are hardy herbaceous perennials, used for lnir<lers or 

 alpine gardens. (See Figs. 1791, i7'.<2.) The fls. are 

 mostly shades of blue, more or less purple, r;irely white. 

 There are two styles of inflorescence, the globular and 

 the long-and-narrow, the former being the more interest- 

 ing. The showy feature of P. comosiim, at first glance, 

 seems to be a group of colored and much elongated 

 pistils; but these pistil-like bodies are really corollas 

 which usually show slits at their inflated base and are 

 narrowed above into a very slender tube from which the 

 style and stigmas are much exserted. In P. comosuni the 

 corolla never opens, but in all the others it finally splits 

 at the top, making a spreading or wheel-shaped flower. 

 The tubular stage seems the most attractive in the 

 round-clustered species and the open .stage, perhaps, in 

 the oblong-clustered species. Phyteumas are natives of 

 the Mediterranean region; about 50 species. These 

 plants are little known in this country, but the follow- 

 ing account is given because the plants are worthy and 



1791. Phyteuma comosum (X %) 

 A tufted alpine plant growing ii 



because the species are much confused amongst horti- 

 culturists. None of the species seem to be regularly in 

 the American trade. 



Phyteumas generally seed freely and may also be 

 prop, by division, which is best performed in spring 

 after growth begins. They thrive in ordinary garden 



