626 



GARCINIA 



GARDENIA 



is usually regarded as a consummate achievement in 

 the art of gardening. 



Mangost&na, Linn. Mangosteex. Fig. 893. Height 

 20 ft.: Ivs. 7-8 in. long, elliptic: fls. reddish; petals 4: 

 fr. about23^in. indiaiu. B.M. 4847. L.B.C. 9:845. F.S. 

 22:2359. G.C. 11.4:657. 



Mor611a, Desr. Gamboge Tree. Height 30-50 ft. : Ivs. 

 more t ipering at both ends: fls. yellowish: fr. resem- 

 bling a Morello cherry in size and shape. y^^ jj 



The Mangosteen is a native of the Malay peninsula 

 and archipelago. It is cultivated, and bears fruit in 

 some parts of Teylon and in a few spots in the Madras 

 Presidency, but no success has been obtained in its cul- 

 tivation in other parts of India. DeCandoUe, in his " Ori- 

 gin of Cultivated Plants," says: "Among cultivated 

 plants it is one of the most local, both in its origin, habi- 

 tation and cultivation." In the West 

 Indies it is successfully cultivated in 

 Trinidad and Jamaica, but only in 

 spots where the climate is moist, hot 

 and fairly equable all through the 

 year ; for instance, in the Jamaica 

 Botanic; Gardens it bears good crops of 

 fair-sized fruit at Castleton, in a val- 



conducted on a smaller scale than those of agriculture, 

 and by more intensive methods. Gardening and horti- 

 culture are really synonymous terms, but, by usage, a 

 horticulturist is supposed to have a more extended 

 trainingaud wider range of activities than a gardener. 

 Moreover, the word Gardening now suggests more of 

 the private, homelike and personal puint of view, 

 whereas the most distinctive feature of American hor- 

 ticuliure is the immense commercial importance of 

 fruit-growing on a greater scale than that of Old World 

 Gardening, and a marked emphasis of the professional 

 side of a fruit-grower's work. The history and discus- 

 sion of Gardening are, therefore, set forth in this book 

 under Horticulture. Large private places are often 

 divided into Fruit Garden, Kitchen Garden and Flower 

 Garden. Fruit-growing is the same as Pomology 

 (which see). Kitchen-Gardening, in its widest sense, is 

 the same as Vegetable-Gardening (which see), or the 

 more learned word, Olericulture; but the expression 

 Kitchen-Gardening is now less common, and generally 

 indicates the private and uncommercial point of view, 

 whereas Market-Gardening and Truck-Gardening 

 (which are practically the same) are now the chief 

 words used for the wholesale and commercial side of 

 Vegetable-Gardening in the U. S. Flower-Gardening, a 

 third primary division of Garden- 

 ing, lb the same as Floriculture 

 ( w h u h see ) . Under Ornamental 

 Gardtning and Landscape Garden- 

 ing ire explained the two different 

 points of \ lew in the use of plants 

 and flowers for their 

 own sakes or when 

 grouped for artistic 

 effects, the nature- 

 like or picturesque 

 '^ C'lnception being set 



forth under Land- 

 scape Gardening, and 

 _ the artificial or mere- 



ly decorative styles 

 under Ornamental 

 Gardening. America 

 being the only coun- 

 try where cut-flowers 

 are commerciallv more important at present than 

 tie trade m potted plants, a special article is de- 

 \ tod to Cut flowers in this work. Other depart- 

 1 t uts of Ornamental Gardening are treated un- 

 dfi Greenhouse Management, Alpine Gardens 

 (including Rock Girdens), Aquatics (including 

 Bog Gardens) Trefs, Shrubs, Herbaceous Per- 

 ennials and \nnuaN 



893. The Maneosteen— 

 Garcinia Maneostana. 



(XK.) 



One of the choicest 



tropical fruits. 



ley on the north side, with a mean temperature of 70^^ F. 

 and an annual rainfall of 113 inches, whereas attempts 

 to grow it have failed at Hope Gardens, in the Liguanea 

 plain of the south side, with a mean temperature of 72° 

 and an annual rainfall of 52 inches. Experience in 

 southern India is much the same; it will grow only in 

 valleys,— not in the open plains. In England the tree 

 has been grown in hothouses and the fruit ripened suc- 

 cessfully. 



The Gamboge Tree is much more widely distributed, 

 being native throughout India, Ceylon, Malaya and 

 Siam. As one might expect, its cultivation is easy, as it 

 stands a considerable amount of variation of moisture 

 and heat. In Jamaica it has become naturalized in some 

 parts of the wetter districts. Wm. Fawcett. 



GARDEN and GARDENING. The word Garden 

 etymologically means an inclosed space, and Garden- 

 ing is, therefore, distinguished from agriculture by be- 

 ing carried on within an inclosure of some kind instead 

 of in the open fields. Gardening operations are usually 



GARDENER'S GARTER. 



var. varietjata, and Phahtris 

 p icta . 



'itndo rtoiuiXf 

 ndinacea , var. 



GARDl:NIA(after Alexander Garden, M.D.. of Charles- 

 ton, S.C., a correspondent of Linnfeus). J^iibidcetP. This 

 includes the Cape Jasmine, a tender shrub 2-6 ft. high, 

 with thick, evergreen foliage and large double, waxy 

 Camellia-like, fragrant fls. It blooms from May to Sept. 

 in the South, where it is often used for hedges, and is 

 hardy as far north as Va. In the middle of the century 

 the Cape Jasmine was considered one of the finest stove 

 shrubs in cultivation, but with the waning popularity of 

 Camellias the doom of the Cape Jasmine as a conserva- 

 tory plant was sealed. The Camellia has a greater range 

 of color, and has had hundreds of varieties, while its 

 scented rival has had barely adozen. The flowers of the 

 Cape Jasmine have never been so perfectly regular as 

 those of a Camellia, and the plants are very subject to 

 insect enemies. Their bloom is successional rather than 

 close, and large plants are therefore not so showy as 

 Camellias. They arc considerably grown abroad for cut- 

 fls. ill early spring, young plants a season or two old be- 

 ing used for best results. The variety with variegated 

 foliage is dwarferand weaker growing. The true botani- 

 cal name of the Cape Jasmine is G. jasmi»o)des, a 

 name almost never used in the trade. "Cape Jasmine " 

 itself is one of the most remarkable cases of the vitality 

 of an erroneous popular name. Thesinele-fld. form was 



