642 



GEUM 



GILIA 



cc. Plants not spreatUnr/ by runners. 



D. B oot-lvs. pinnatifid. 



mont&num, Linn. Calyx lobes entire, while those of 



reptans are of ten 3-cut at apes. S. Eu. G.C. II. 13:425. 



Gn. 45, p. 285. 



DD. Boot-} VS. Jxidney-shaptd. 

 radiatum, Michx. Very hirsute. Root-lvs. 2-5 in. 

 broad : stem 1-5-fld. : bractlets minute. Mountains of 

 N. C.-Int. by H. P. Kelsey. 



BB. Fls. bright red, unmixed with yellow. 



c. Lateral lobes of Ivs. 7ninute. 



coccineum, Sibth. & Sm., not Hort. "Stem-lvs. 3- 



lobed : root-lvs. lyrate, the terminal lobe largest, cor- 



date-renif orm : fls. erect. Mt. Olympus in Bithynia." 



The above is an exact translation of the entire descrip- 

 tion given by Sibthorp and Smith, Flora Grfeca, t. 485.— 

 The chances are that all the plants in the trade under 

 this name are really G. Chiloense . 



cc. Lateral lobes of Ivs. 1 in. lomj. 



Chilo6nse, Balb. {G. cdccineum, Hort., not Balb.). 

 "Stem-lvs. 3-parted, laciniate; root-lvs. interruptedly 

 lyrate, pilose: terminal lobe rotund, somewhat 3-lobed, 

 crenate: fls. panicied: carpels villous." The above is a 

 literal translation of B.R. 16:1348, where the terminal lobe 

 is shown to be 2% in. each way. Chile. B.R. 13:1088, 

 and under 1099. L.B.C. 16:1527. Gn. 14:156; 45, p. 

 284. R.H. 1890. p. 305, and 1881, p. 309, all erroneously 

 as G. coccineum. 



Var. mini&tum, D.K. {G.mini(itwm,'Roht. Parker), has 

 fls. about 2 shades lierhter in color. A robust form grow- 

 ing 2-3 ft. high, easily prop., and fls. from Apr. to end 

 of July. Gn. 38:772, where it is supposed to be a hybrid 

 of G. Chiloense, var. grandifloriim x G.anreum, which 

 is a rubust many fld. form of G. montanttnif or else of 

 G. Chiloense x G. urbanitm. 



Var. grandifldrum, D.K.. is an improved form. "The 

 <louble-Hd. form of this seems to be a more general 

 favoritf. tht.' bl"<»nis lasting longer, though I think they 

 lack the elegance of those of the simple form. They 

 begin to expand soon after May and are produced until 

 Oct." I).K., in Gn. SS, p. 299. 



BBB. Fls. chiefly dull red, mixed with yellow. 



trifldrum, Pursh. Low, softly hairy: Ifts. very numer- 

 ous and crowded, deeply cut: fls. 3 or more on long 

 peduncles; calyx purple, as long as the petals. Coulter 

 says the petals are erect. Arctic Am. L.B.C. 17:1609. 

 "Fruit showy all summer." Woolson. 



AA. Not long and plumy in fruit. 



B. Style jointed and bent in the middle. 



c. Fls. purplish orange. 



rivA.le, Linn. Root-lvs. lyrate; stem-lvs. few, with 3 



lobes or Ifts.: calyx brownish purple; petals purplish 



orange. N. temp, regions. Var. album is also sold. 



cc. Fls. golden yellow. 



macropliyllum, Willd. Eastern plant, which P. W. Bar- 

 clay says is offered by collectors, and prefers a moist, 

 sunny place. B.B. 2: 221. 



BB. Style not jointed, straight. 



R6ssii, Seringe. Slightly pubescent above: scape 1-3- 

 fld. : styles glabrous. Colo., arctic regions. — Fls. large, 

 bright yellow. 



G. atrococcineum, Hort., may be a typographical error for G. 

 atrosaugiiiueum.— G. atrosangidneum , Hort , is presumably a 

 form of Q. Chiloense, with darker fls. than the type, and sold 

 mostly, if not entirely, in its double condition.— G. Japmiicum, 

 Thunb.. is sold, but little known. St. flexiiose, hirsute: Ivs. 

 3-5-lobed, hirsute: fls. erect, yellow: petals as long as the calyx: 

 fr. hirsute, awned, recurvetl. Japan. -^^ jyj^ 



GEVUiNA (from the Chilean name). Also written 

 Guevina. Protedceie. One species, G. Avellina, Molina 

 (Syn., Quddria heferophylla, Ruiz & Pav.l. Chilean 

 Nut. Chile Hazel. An evergreen tree, with large, 

 alternate pinnate, dark green, glossy Ivs. and white, 

 hermaphrodite fls. in long, axillary racemes. Fruit about 

 the size of a cherry, coral red when ripe, the seed hav- 



ing a pleasant flavored kernel, resembling the hazel in 

 taste and largely used by the Chileans. Sparingly 

 grown in California. Prop, by seeds or by green cut- 

 tings under glass. ' -^^ ^_ Taylor. 



GHERKIN. A small Cucumber. The Burr or West 

 Indian (Therkin is Cucnmis Anguria. 



6IBB, CHARLES, Canadian horticulturist, and au- 

 thor of important works on Russian fruits and other 

 hardy trees, was born at Montreal June 29, 1842, and 

 died at Cairo, Egypt, March 8, 1890, while returning 

 from a collecting trip in China and Japan. In 1872 he 

 brought to Montreal the first canned fruit exhibited in 

 Canada. His farm at Abbotsford, Province of Quebec, 

 contained the best collection of hardy fruits, trees and 

 ornamental shrubs iu Canada. His trip to Russia in 

 1882 with Prof. J. L. Budd, the subsequent importations, 

 his second trip to Russia, and his various publications 

 on hardy trees make part of a chapter of great interest 

 and significance in the history of American horticulture. 

 His travels were extensive. His chief works are "Orna- 

 mental and Timber Trees not Natives of the Province of 

 Quebec" (a comprehensive list of species of possible 

 value for Canada), "Report on Russian Fruits," "Hasty 

 Notes on the Trees and Shrubs of Northern Europe," 

 "Russian Apples Imported by the Department of Agri- 

 culture, Washington, in 1870" (an elaborate comparison 

 of Russian opinions and American experience), "No- 

 menclature of the Russian Apples," "Of Translating and 

 Rendering into Euphonious English Unpronounceable 

 Russian Names, also Throwing Out Synonyms," and 

 "Fruits for the Cold North." For a fuller accotmt, with 

 portrait, see Annals of Horticulture, 1890, 287-290. 



W. M. 



GIDEON, PETER M., pioneer pomologist of the 

 northern Mississippi states, 1818-1899, resided since 

 1853 on Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, and devoted his 

 efforts to the production of apples of sufficient hardiness 

 to withstand the climate. He was born in Ohio. He af- 

 terwards lived in Illinois. From boyhood he seems to 

 have been possessed of the idea to raise seedling fruits. 

 He was one of those rare individuals who sets a distinct 

 ideal and strives for it throughout a lifetime in spite of 

 every adversity. These are persons of strong and un- 

 compromising wills. They often antagonize their fel- 

 lows; but their works are usually beneficent. Gideon 

 conceived that the amalgamation of the Siberian crab 

 and the common apple would give the perfect apple for 

 the Northwest. His seedlings were numerous. Several 

 of them have been named and disseminated, and are of 

 value. But his greatest achievement, the Wealthy ap- 

 ple, was of pure Pyrus Mains stock. This variety is 

 now one of the standard apples of his geographical re- 

 gion, and it is gaining favor elsewhere. It is a boon to 

 the Northwest. Even when in poverty, it is said that 

 Mr. Gideon spent his last dollar to buy the seeds from 

 which this apple came. He was instrumental in distrib- 

 uting 10,000 apple seedlings in Minnesota, and some of 

 these are now attracting attention. His work was wholly 

 empirical, yet he did so much and continued his work 

 for so long a time that the results have contributed to 

 the knowledge of plant-breeding. Probably no other 

 American has labored so long and devotedly for the at- 

 tainment of a specific ideal in the apple. Portrait and 

 eulogies will be found in The Minnesota Horticulturist, 

 Jan., 1900. l_ h. B. 



GlLIA (Philipp Salvador Gil, Spanish botanist of the 

 latter half of the eighteenth century, collaborator with 

 Xaurez). Poletnonificete. American herbs, mostly of 

 western North America, of nearly 100 species, as the 

 genus is now understood by most botanists. Fls. small, 

 of many colors, the corolla funnel-form to bell-shape or 

 sometimes salver-form, 5-lobed ; stamens 5, inserted 

 near the base of the corolla tube^ the filaments usually 

 naked: ovary 3-loculed, with axile placentte, the stigmas 

 3 (or sometimes 2). Gilia is a very polymorphic genus, 

 into which Gray now (Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1, suppl.) throws 

 CoUomia, Linanthus. Leptosiphon, Leptodactylon, 

 Navarretia, Hugelia, Ipomopsis, Fenzlia. In this con- 

 ception, Gilia is defined as follows : "Fls. naked, not in- 



