C54 



GLYCYRRHIZA 



The roots of Glyeyrrbiza. a native of southern Eu- 

 rope and central Asia, are used extensively by drug- 

 gists; in America by brewers and manufacturers of 

 plug: tobacco; in Turkey, Egypt and France to make 

 cooling drinks. Our supply— more than one and a half 

 million dollars' worth in 1899 — is derived mainly from 

 Spain, Portugal, Italy, Turkey and Russia (Transcauca- 

 sia), the roots from Spain and Italy being considered 

 best, and those from Turkey poorest on account of their 

 bitterness. The soil for Licorice must be deep, mellow, 

 moist, rich and free from stones. Plants are usually set 

 in rows, 3 ft, or more apart, and not less than 1 ft. asun- 

 der. After the plants have covered the ground, they 

 are allowed to shift for themselves for 3 or 4 years. 

 Harvesting is primitive, the roots being exposed by the 

 plow and pulled by hand. Large quantities of roots are 

 thus left to produce a succeeding crop or to overrun the 

 field as weeds. One ton to the acre is considered a fair 

 yield; 1.6 cents a pound an average price. In America 

 the only fields worthy the name are in California, where 

 Licorice is not considered very paying. Experiment and 

 experience with it are, however, but little more than 

 bi^g""- M. G. Kains. 



GLYPTOSTROBUS. See T<iTO,lium. 



GMfiLINA (after one of five distinguished German 

 botanists named Gmelin). Verbendcecp. Eight species 

 of E. Asiatic and N. Australian trees and shrubs, bear- 

 ing yellow or brownish irregular fls. sometimes nearly 

 2 in. across. A very few plants may be cult, in Euro- 

 pean warmhouses, and in America only in S. Fla. and 

 S. Calif, outdoors. The genus produces a fancy timber 

 similar to teak, which is a product of the same order. 

 Vitex and Clerodendron are better known congeners. 

 Spiny or not: shoots tomentose: Ivs. opposite, entire, 

 toothed or lobed: fls. in panicled cyraes, tomentose at 

 least while young; corolla tube slender below; limb ob- 

 lique, 5- or 4-lobed; stamens 4, didynamous. 



A. Jyvs. becoming 9 in. long, 6 in. wide. 

 arbdrea, Roxb. [G. Bheedii, Hook.). Unarmed tree, 

 sometimes attaining 60 ft., deciduous, flowering with the 

 young Ivs.: Ivs. cordate-ovate. India, Malaya. B.M. 

 4,395. Cult, only in S. Calif, by Franceschi, who keeps 

 G. Rheedii separate. 



AA. Lvs. yi-l}4 in. long. 

 Asiitica, Linn. (G. parviflbra , Pers., a typographical 

 error for G. parvifblia^'Roxh.). Shrubby, sometimes 

 spinescent: lvs. ovate or obovate, entire or lobed. In- 

 dia, Ceylon. 



GNAPHALIUM. See Leonlopodium and Heliihry- 

 suni. There are various native Gnaphaliums, but they 

 are not in cultivation. G. lanatiim of gardeners is He- 

 liehryxtim pellnlaliim. 



GOAT'S BEARD is usually Spinea Arinicns; also the 

 genus Tragopogou, to which the Salsifv or Oyster Plant 

 belongs. 



GOAT'S FOOT. Oxalis Caprina. 



GOAT'S RUE. See Galega. 



GOBO. See Burdock. 



GffiTHEA. See Pavonia. 



QODETIA. Included in CEnothem. 



GOLDEN CHAIN. LuhKrniim vuUjare. 



GOLDEN CLUB. Oroiititim. 



GOLDEN DEWDEOP. Fanciful name for Duranta 



GOLDEN FEATHER. See Cliri/.<iantliemum parihe 

 nioidi^s. 



GOLDENEOD. Soiidago. 

 GOLDEN SEAL. Eiidrustis. 

 GOLD FERN. Gymnogramma. 



GOLDFUSSIA. Included in Strobilanthes. 



GOLD THREAD. Coptis trifolia. 



GOMBO, Gumbo, or Okra. See Hibiscus esciilentus. 



GOMPHRfiNA (name suggested by Gromphrana , 

 Pliny's name for some Amaranth, supposed to be de- 

 rived from grapho, to write or paint; alluding to the 

 highly colored or "painted" foliage). AmarantAcece. 

 This genus includes the Globe Amaranth, a common 

 everlasting flower of easy culture. It is also known as 

 Bachelor's Button, though two other utterly distinct 

 plants {Centdiirea Cyanus and Hiuiunculus acris) have 

 the same popular name. The flower-heads are an inch 

 or less in diameter, globose, of many colors, and chiefly 

 remarkable for the showy bracts, which hide the true 

 flowers. In a family remarkable for brilliant foliage this 

 genus seems to be the only one valued for everlastings. 

 Nearly all the other everlasting flowers of importance 

 belong to the Compositae. Gomphrena has about 70 spe- 

 cies, mostly in the warmer parts of America and Aus- 

 tralia, but the Globe Amaranth is widely dispersed 

 throughout the tropics. Herbs erect or prostrate, pu- 

 bescent to villous, with or without a leafy involucre: 

 fls. short or long, white or colored: bracts short or long, 

 concave, and keeled, winged or crested on the back. For 

 culture, nee. Annuals and Everlasting Flowers. 



globdsa, Linn. Globe Amaranth. Bachelor's But- 

 ton. Height 18 in. or less: Ivs. elliptic to obovate, the 

 largest 4 in. long, IK in. wide, tapering to a petiole. 

 .July. B.M. -281.5. R.H. 1890, p. 522. F.R. 1:333. The 

 fulh'wing nanies of horticultural varieties indicate the 

 range of coli.r : vars. alba, aiirea. carnea, nana com- 

 pacta (=albai, purpurea, striata, viol&cea. Dwarf and 

 compact forms are likely to be associated with any color. 

 There is a narrow-leaved form of this species which 

 Voss calls G. Haageana, Kl. [G. aitrantidca, Hort. G. 

 coccinea, Decne.), which has lanceolate lvs., often (! 

 times as long as broad. The lvs. are rarely % in. wide. 

 R.H. 1854:161. All are easily grown annuals. 



G. gnaphalioides. V.ilil. See PfafBa. W. M. 



GONANIA is a typographical error in some nursery 

 catalogues for Gofuniia. 



GONGORA (after Don Antonio Caballero y Gongora, 

 Bi-liop i.f I i.rdova). Includes Acropera. Orchiddcew, 

 trilu- l'nn'h>r\ subtribe Ci/rlnpndihe. A small genus 

 of plants with curious spotted fls., not common in cul- 

 tivation, and of little value except for collections. Dis- 

 tinguished from the other members of the subtribe by 

 being epiphytic, having the dorsal sepal adnate to the 

 column, and by its many-fld. raceme. Dorsal sepal erect, 

 spreading, thus appearing to spring from the base of the 

 column; lateral sepals spreading or reflexed from the 

 base of the column, wider ; petals small, adnate to the 

 base of the column; labellum continuous with the col- 

 umn, narrow and fleshy, with 2 thick lateral horned or 

 aristulate lobes, and a central one which is saccate or 

 even folded, forming a vertical plate : column erect 

 or ascending, not winged: pseudobulbs sulcate, sheathed, 

 bearing 1 or 2 large, plicate Ivs. : fls. borne in a long, 

 loose, pendent raceme arising from the base of the 

 pseudobulbs. 



Gongoras are extremely free-flowering, and grow 

 easily in a mixture of sphagnum and peat, with a little 

 charcoal added for draiuage. During the growing season 

 they require plenty of water, and brisk heat. In the 

 winter they require little water, but should be kept in a 

 moist atmosphere in a cool, shaded house. They grow 

 well with Cattleyas, or in a temperature of 60° in winter 

 and 80° in summer. Some growers prefer to use fine 

 fern root packed tightly and for a top finish a little fine 

 moss found in damp meadows, instead of sphagnum, 

 which in this climate is quick to decay. 



A. Lateral sepals ovate or oblong, truncate. 



tninc&ta, Lindl. Pseudobulbs deeply furcate : lateral 

 sepals rotund, oblong, truncate, the upper one ovate, 

 keeled; petals minute, ovate; sepals and petals pale 

 straw color, spotted with purple ; base of labellum com- 

 pressed in the middle, 2-horned : apex ovate, canalicu- 

 late. B.R. 31:56. 



