GREENS 



GBEVILLEA 



697 



cinity of Sturgeon Bay, west nearly to St. Paul. The 

 green belt in that state annually moves northward as 

 the country becomes settled and as the woods and 

 swamps are depleted. This plant seems to thrive best 

 in moist. sli;ide<l localities, and when plucked out by the 

 roots, as is iloiie whiui ^^utiu'riug, is not replaced by new 

 growth of its kiinl. M.iru open situations and drier 

 ground produce lycupodiumof a lighter and yellowish 

 color, and consequently of less decorative value. Indians 

 pick the best green, but are unreliable when exact dates 

 must be met. The average season's output from Wis 

 consin is perhaps 35 car loads, or 150 to 200 tons. 



The use of holly in a commercial way has grown from 

 a very small beginning to its present proportions within 

 fifteen years. Until the last six years most of the holly 

 was handled by wholesale seedsmen and florists. With 

 in that time the sale of holly has been taken up by the 

 produce commission houses in large cities, thereby tre 

 bling the volume, but reducing the quality. Delaware and 

 Maryland furnish the best stock of what is known as 

 eastern holly, while Tennessee and some other parts of 

 the South ship what is usually an inferior quality. 

 Holly is almost always packed in uniform cases 2x2x4 

 ft. Freezing, while packed in cases, damages it but lit- 

 tle, provided the holly be allowed to thaw out in a very 

 cool and preferably dark place, where the temperature 

 is not allowed to exceed 45° F. If, however, frozen holly 

 is shipped in warm express cars, the foliage may turn 

 black in a night. 



English holly has occasionally been imported into the 

 United States and into Canada, but never satisfactorily 

 commercially. The eastern cities use mistletoe from Eng- 

 land and France, brought over in fast steamers. The ber- 

 ries are much larger than those of the American mistletoe, 

 which grows chietiy in Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, 

 Texas and New Mexico. It is usually shipped in crates 

 of about 112 pounds, and the sultry quarters on ship- 

 board often cause the loss of the leaves. The western 

 states use probably not more than 8,000 to 10,000 pounds 

 of American-grown stock from the localities named. It 

 is also shipped in other kinds of packages. Mistletoe 

 is very liable to damage from frost. 



Cedar clippings are now but little used during the 

 holiday season, but on other occasions, where open air 

 decorations are desired, they are frequently made into 

 roping or wreaths. Laurel from Maryland and Virginia 

 is mostly used in eastern states. 



Wild smilax, in light cases, usually in three sizes, is 

 shipped by express mostly from Alabama and Georgia. 

 It is as liable to injury by freezing as mistletoe, but is 

 not damaged if allowed to thaw out gradually before 

 removal from the case. About $10,000 worth is used 

 annually. 



Eight million hardy ferns were recently offered by 

 one wholesale dealer in Christmas Greens. These ferns 

 are largely gathered in Massachusetts and Michigan. 



Among the newest and most artistic materials for 

 Christmas decoration are galax leaves and leucothoe 

 sprays, which are here figured and are elsewhere fully 

 described. Galax grows in the mountains from North 

 Carolina to Georgia, and nowhere else in the world. 



For further particulars concerning this industry, see 

 American Florist 14:598-600 (1898). For the artistic 

 side of Christmas decoration, see illustrated articles by 

 F. Schuyler Mathews in American Florist 8:484 and 

 ^=493- J. C. Vaughan. 



GREENS, EDIBLE, or POT-HERBS. This term 

 Greens is generally applied in America to any Pot-herb, 

 that is to say, to any green herbage which is cooked and 

 served separately from the other principal and secon- 

 dary dishes of a square meal. The terra Greens is usu- 

 ally used for the mess of cookery which is brought to 

 the table. It is not so often applied to the plants grow- 

 ing in the garden. In the garden, perhaps, they are 

 herbs — Pot-herbs — though this term is not so much era- 

 ployed as it conveniently might be. Greens are served 

 early in the spring, when the appetite craves anything 

 which tastes like out-of-doors. 



All sorts of plants are used as Pot-herbs. Almost any- 

 thing which shows a succulent growth in the spring is 

 likely to be tried by somebody. Turnip tops, potato 

 leaves, pig-weeds, purslane, and many other apparently 



impossible herbs, are often impressed into the service. 

 The really good Pot-herbs are comparatively few, how- 

 ever. Probably the best are dandelion, spinach, mustard 

 (various species), endive, chard, beet-top and kale. 



The following plants have been more or less used as 

 Pot-herbs : 



Buck's-hom Plantain, Plantago Coronopus. 



California Peppergrass, Brassica Japonica. 



Cardoon, Cynara Cardunculns. 



Chard, Beta vulgaris. 



Chervil, Anthriscxis Cerefolium 



Chicory, Cichorium Tntybus. 



Chinese Amaranth, Amarantua Gangeticus. 



Chinese Artichoke, Stachys SieboldiiS. af finis or S. tuherif era) . 



Chinese Cabbage, Brassica Pe-Tsai. 



Chinese Cabbage, Brassica Chinensis. 



Chinese Miistard. Brassica juncea. 



Chives. Allium Schoenoprasum. 



Com Salad, Valerianella olitoria. 



Cress, Lepidium saliva. 



Meadow Cress, Cardamine pratensis. 



Para Cress, Spilanthes oleracea. 



Upland Cress, Barbarea vulgaris and pr<ecox. 



Other so-called Cresses, as Lepidium. Chilense, Lepidium 

 piscidiitm, Lepidium Yirginicum, Senebiera pinnatiflda. 

 Nasturtium Indicum, Gynandropsis pentaphylla. 

 Dandelion, Taraxieum officinale. 

 Dock, Rumex, several species. 

 Endive. Cichoriurn Endivia. 

 Globe Artichoke, Cynara Scnlymus. 

 Good King Heui-y, Chenopodium BonusSenricus. 

 Goosefoot, C/n'i,opn<li,ini. mostly C. album. 

 Ice Plant, Mcs-inhrihintlu-inimi crystaUinum. 

 Italian Corn SnI.mI, \ ■ilrnnuella eriocarpa. 

 Kale, Brassica "h-racra. 

 Lettuce, Lactuca (especially the wild species, some of which 



are excellent). 

 Malabar Nightshade, Basella alba and Basella rubra. 

 Mustard, Brassica species. 

 Nasturtiums, Tropceolums. 

 Orach, Atriplex hortensis. 

 Parsley,^ptuni Petroselinum.. 

 Pepper-grass, Lepidium species. 

 Pigweed, Amarantus sjircies. 

 Pokeweed, Phi/f(>l'f<-a <l.-r<indra. 

 Quinoa, Chcrnqn^Uun, Quinoa. 

 Rocket Sala.l. Kmr., s„t,ra. 

 Rosella, Hibiscus i!iabdariffa. 

 Salad-Burnet, Porterium Sanguisorba. 

 Sorrels, various, Oxalis crenata, O. tetraphylla. 

 Spinach, Spinacia oleracea. 



Tuberous-Rooted Chinese Mustard, Brassica napiformia. 

 Turkish Rocket, Bunias orie?italis 

 Turnip, Brassica Rapa. 

 Winter Purslane, Montia perfoliata. 



Culture. — Pot-herhs are wanted at the earliest possible 

 moment in the spring. They are, therefore, often grown 

 in hotbeds, frames, or in greenhouses (see Spinach, 

 Dandelion, Mustard, etc.). They must be succulent 

 and tender. It is necessary, on this account, that they be 

 quickly grown in loose, very rich, well-drained soil, with 

 plenty of water. Specific directions for the cultivation 

 of the various plants will be found under the several 



P. A. Waugh. 



heads 



GREEN WEED. Genista tinctoria. 



GREGORIA. See Douglasia. 



GRENADIN or GRENADINE. A type of Carnation. 



GREVlLLEA (Chas. F. Greville, once vice-president 

 of the Royal Society of England, and a patron of botany). 

 Protedce(K. Trees or shrubs, of nearly 200 species, mostly 

 Australian, of which one is everywhere cult, in this 

 country as a decorative pot-plant. Fls. small, perfect, 

 mostly in pairs in the clusters or racemes, apetalous, 

 the calyx with 4 recurved parts; stamens of 4 sessile 

 anthers borne on the sepals; style 1, long and curved: 

 Ivs. alternate, of many forms: fr. a follicle, with 1 or 2 

 winged seeds. 



robiista, Cunn. Silk Oak. Fig. lOOG. One of the 

 most popular of all fern-leaved pot-plants, and easily 

 grown from seeds (which are imported in large quanti- 

 ties). When young (from 2-5 ft. high) it makes a most 

 graceful subject. In glasshouses it is not grown to 

 large size, and, therefore, little is known of the great 

 size which it attains in its native forest. According to 

 Von Mueller, it is "indigenous to the subtropical part of 



