H 



HABENARIA (Greek, a rein or strap; referring to 

 the shape of parts of the flower). Orehid&cew, tribe 

 Ophriidece. Rein Orchis. Terrestrial leafy herbs, re- 

 sembling orchis in habit : tubers usually undivided, 

 rarely lobed: fls. in terminal racemes or spikes, rarely 

 solitary; sepals subequal. free or cohering at base, 

 erect or spreading ; petals usually smaller, often 2-lobed ; 

 lip spreading or drooping, long- or short-spurred at 

 base, its blade entire or 3-5-fid; column very short, ses- 

 sile ; rostellum usually 1-toothed or lobed ; glands 

 naked; anther cells parallel or divergent: capsule ovoid 

 or oblong, erect. The lateral lobes are sometimes 

 fringed, giving the flower a graceful appearance. Spe- 

 cies about 400, very widely distributed in temperate and 

 tropical regions. 



Few species of Habenaria are of much horticultural 

 importance, especially in this country. Some of the ex- 

 otic kinds enjoy some favor as stove plants in England, 

 while there are a number of hardy North American spe- 

 cies which can be recommended for outdoor cultivation 

 in boggy places. M. Susannae, carnea, milUaris and 



1014. H, 



other East Indian species are best grown in a moder- 

 ately warm house, needing good light and a fair amount 

 of water. It is recommended to repot them after the 

 resting season in a compost of peat, moss, loam and 

 crock dust, with the tuber resting upon the crocked up 

 bottom of the pot and the growing point just beneath the 

 soil. They should then be given a good supply of water 



until after flowering. These Habenarias are much like 

 Bletia in their requirements. 



The most popular species at present seem to be H. 

 ciliaris, fimhriata and psi/codes, but these give a very 

 imperfect conception of the beauties of the genus, al- 

 though in the opinion of the writer, H. ciliaris is the 

 showiest orchid in temperate North America. The na- 

 tive species are procurable through collectors and 

 dealers in native plants ; foreign species through Dutch 

 bulb growers; and H. radiata through dealers in Japa- 

 nese plants. 



Index of species described below: 

 bifolia. 29. Elwesii, 18. nivea, 13. 



blephariglottis, 15. fimbriatu, 4. obtus.ita. 27. 



Bonatea. 19. glgantea. 17. odoratissima, 2. 



bracteata, 24. gracilis, .'iS. orbiciilata, 28. 



carnea, 6. Hookeriana. 30. peramtena. 3. 



chlorantha. 20. Hookerii. 30. psycodes. 5. 



ciliaris, 8. hyperborea, 31. pusilla, 11. 



cinnabarina, 10. Integra, 7. radiata. 21. 



conopea, 1. lacera. 23. rhodocheila, 12 



eonopsea, 1 leucophwn. 22. Susann», 17. 



eristata. 9. It-ucostaohys. 14. tridentata. 25. 



dilatata. 35. longecalcarata, 16. XJnalaschcensis, 34. 



elegans. 32. militaris. 11. virescens, 26. 



A. Fls. purple: Up S-parted: steins leafy. 



B. Ser/ments of lip entire : bracts nearly equaling the 



flowers. 



1. COnbpsea, Benth. {6i/mnadenia coiiipsea, R.Br. 

 G. rfDio/if,:. French authors). Deadman's Fingers. 

 Fls. violct-|iuride to flesh-colored, rarely white, fragrant, 

 medium-sized; .spur longer than ovary, sometimes twice 

 as long. June, .July. Europe, N. Asia. — There is an if. 

 eonopsea of Reichenbach dating from 1854, whereas 

 Bentham's dates only from 1880. 



2. odoratissima, Franch. (Gymnadenia odoratissima, 

 A. Rich. ). Fls. intensely red-purple, aromatic, only half 

 as large as in the preceding; spur shorter than ovary. 

 May, June. Europe. 



BB. Segments of Up toothed. 



3. peram&na, Gray. Rather tall: fls. large and showy, 

 violet-purple ; middle segment of lip 2-lobed. July, 

 Aug. N. J. to Va. and 111. B.B. 1:466. 



BBB. Segments of lip deeply and copiously fringed. 



4. fimbrl4ta, R. Br. Pis. lilac, rarely white, fragrant; 

 petals laterally toothed. Summer. New Brunswick to 

 Mich, and Mts. of N. C. A.G. 12:152. G.F. 10:483. 

 B.B. 1:466. 



5. psycddes. Gray. Three ft. or less high: fls. many, 

 crowded, much smaller than in flmbriata, lilac, rarely 

 white, fragrant. July, Aug. Newfoundland to Minn, 

 and high mountains of N. C. B.B. 1:466. 



AA. Fls. pink throughout: Ivs. all radical. 



6. c4rnea, N. E. Brown. Fig. 1014. Lvs. dull green, 

 spotted with white : fls. few, loosely clustered, light 

 pink, fading nearly white; lip large ; spur over 2 in, 

 long. Penang. G.C. III. 10:729. Gn. 47:1005. G.M. 

 36:642. G.F. 4:487. J.H. III. 33:319. R.B. 21:44.- 

 This species, one of the most beautiful of the genus, 

 is apparently not yet in American trade. 



AAA. Fls. orange. 



B. Color orange-yellow throughout. 



c. Lip nearly or quite entire. 



7. Integra, Spreng. Two ft. or less high, leafy: fls. 

 small, crowded. July. N. J. to La., near the coast. 

 B.B. 1:463. 



CO. Lip fringed or lacerate. 



8. ciliaris, R. Br. Yellow Fringed Orchis. Fig. 

 1015. Fls. crowded, brilliant orange; petals fringed at 

 apex; spur about twice as long as lip; lip long- fringed. 

 Aug. Eastern U. S. B.M. 1668. B.B. 1:464. -A strik- 

 ing species. 



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