HAMAMELIS 



HARRIS 



711 



G.C. II. 1:187 and 15:205 and III. 9:247. G.M. ,34:94. 

 Var. Zuccarini^na, Arb. Kew. Lvs. smaller aud thinner: 

 petals canary yellow; calyx pale or brownish yellow in- 

 side. G.F. 4:257. Gn. 17, p. 251. Alfred Rehder. 



HAUflLIA (Henry Louis Duharael du Monceau, 

 1700-17S2, prominent French botanical author). Eiibii- 

 cew. This genus contains a tender shrub with large 

 clusters of scarlet-orange fls. much prized in Pla., and 

 recently urged for northern conservatories under the 

 name of "Scarlet Bush." About 13 species of tropical 

 and subtropical American shrubs, glabrous or pubes- 

 cent: lvs. opposite or in whorls of 3— t, petioled, ovate- 

 oblong, acute at both ends: fls. in terminal, 2-3-forking 

 cymes, yellow, reddish or scarlet, with pedicels short 

 or none; corolla tubular or almost bell-shaped, about 

 5-ribbed ; limb with 5 short lobes ; stamens 5 : ovary 

 5-celled: berries small, ovoid, 5-lobed, many-seeded. 

 Hoftmania is distinguished by its 2-;)-celled berry. 



Hamelia patens, a native of the West Indies and S. 

 Florida, along the coast, a beautiful and almost unknown 

 plant, should become a favorite in greenhouse culture. 

 The lvs. have a purplish hue at some seasons of the 

 year, and the fls. are of a bright orange-red color. In 

 Florida it must surely become a favorite for open-air 

 planting, as it is there rarely kille<l down by frost, and 

 when it is it sprouts up readily from the root, and blooms 

 the following summer. It is in bloom for many months, 

 and without doubt could be forced at any season. 

 With age it becomes a woody shrub, 5-12 ft. in height. 

 The fls. are succeeded by handsome black berries, 

 which are retained a long while. 



A. Fls. scarlet-orange : berries ovoid, black. 

 patens, Jacq. Lvs. typically in 3's, rarely 2-5, more 

 or less villous-pubescent: cymes 2-3-forked, disposed 

 in a pedunculate, terminal umbel. B.M. 2533. 



AA. Fls. orange-yellow : berries globular, purple. 



sphaBTOC^rpa, Ruiz & Pav. Lvs. in 3's, oblong, hirsute 

 on both sides : cymes disposed in terminal ])aTiicIes : 

 corolla tubular, distinctly 5-cornered: berries hispid. 

 Woods of Peru. e. N. Reasoner and W. M. 



HAPLOPAPPUS is Aplopappzis. 



HAPLOPHtLLUM. See Biifa. 



HARBINGER OF SPRING. Erigenia bulbosa. 



HARDENBfiRGIA (after Frauziska, Countess of Har- 

 denberg, sister of Baron Huegel, a well known traveler.) 

 LeguDiindsie. Three Australian twining herbs or sub- 

 shrubs, with long racemes of small fls., ranging from 

 white through pink and rosy purple to violet-blue, often 

 with 1 or 2 green or yellowish spots on the standard. 

 The genus is told from Keunedyaby the different habit, 

 smaller, more numerous, differently colored fls., short 

 calyx teeth and by the keel, which in the 2 species de- 

 scribed below is nauch shorter than the wings. Both are 

 cult, abroad under glass by those who are skilled in 

 managing Australian woody plants. The species flrst 

 mentioned is cult, outdoors in Calif. ; the second was 

 once offered by John Saul, of Washington, D. C. These 

 plants can be trained into bush form. Monograph in 

 Flora Australiensis 2:246 (1864). 



A. Leaflets solitary; pods flat, with dry pulp inside. 

 monophjlla, Benth. Lfts. usually 2-3, or even 4 in. 

 long, obtuse, varying from broadly cordate-ovate to nar- 

 rowly lanceolate: fls. less than 14 in. long, in 2's or 

 rarely 3's, as many as 35 in a raceme, and the upper ra- 

 cemes often forming a terminal panicle: pod flat, with 

 dry, pithy pulp inside. B. 2:84. B.M. 263, 2169. L.B.C. 

 8:758 and 20:1940. B.R. 11:944 and 16:13.36. R.H. 1896, 

 p. 431. R.B. 22:169.— Hasmany synonyms. The fls. range 

 from white through rose and purplish to pure violet, 

 but are never distinctly blue. Var. £ilba is cult. 



AA. Leaflets S or 5 : pod turgid, without pith or pulp. 

 Comptoni&na, Benth. Lfts. 3 or 5, and in the latter 

 case the side ones in 2 opposite pairs, which are not dis- 

 tant as in other 5-leafleted members of the tribe: fls. in 

 pairs or clusters of 3-4 along the racemes. B.R. 4:298, 



22:1862 and 26:60. R.H. 1882, p. 344. J. H. III. 30:361.- 

 The fls. are said to have the same size, color and struc- 

 ture as in H. monophylla, but in cultivation the blue or 

 violet-blue form has probably been most popular. Var. 

 tllba is cult. 



H. retiisa, Benth., is an anomalous species not cult. 

 All other names in this genus are synonyms of the 2 

 species described above. ^, ]\i^ 



HARDBACK. Spircea tomeniosa. 



HARD HEADS. Centaurea nigra. 



HARDY PLANTS. The word "hardy" covers many 

 distinct ideas. It is used to distinguish plants that can 

 be cultivated outdoors the year round from plants that 

 must be grown under glass part or all of the year. For 

 example, in this Cyclopedia plants are spoken of as 

 hardy as far north as Washington, D. C, New York, 

 Boston or Montreal, meaning that the plants are not 

 killed by the winters at these places. In its widest 

 sense, "hardy "indicates resistance to all kinds of un- 

 favorable conditions. Thus, while all the common ge- 

 raniums are tender plants, one variety may be hardier 

 than another because it withstands intense heat and 

 drought and general neglect. In general, however, the 

 unqualified word "hardy" indicates that the plant is 

 able to withstand the winter of the given place. See 

 the articles Border and Landscape Gardening. Smaller 

 divisions of the subject of Hardy Plants are discussed 

 under Alpine Gardens (including Rock Gardens) and 

 Aquatics (including Bog Plants). 



HAREBELL. Campanula rotundifolia. 



HARICOT (French name for Pliaseohis vulgaris). 

 Same as Kidney Bean of the English. It is the common 

 garden bean of America, as distinguished from the 

 Windsor or Broad bean, the Lima bean, etc. See Bean. 



HARlNA. See Tr,illlchia. 



HARLEQUIN FLOWERS. .s>((i«j-is. 



HARPALIUM. All referred to Helianthus. 



HARRIS, JOSEPH (Fig. 1019), agricultural author, 



was born June 29, 1828, in the village of Shawbury, 

 England, and died at his home at Jloreton Farm, near 

 Rochester, N. Y,, Nov. 18, 1892. His father and fore- 

 fathers for several generations were farmers; it is. 

 therefore, but natural that he should have inherited a 

 keen interest in every- 

 thing pertaining to 

 rural life. From early 

 youth be showed a re- 

 markable foudness for 

 investigation and ex- 

 perimentation, in the 

 pursuit of which he 

 found gratification by 

 his study of agricul- 

 tural chemistry with 

 Messrs. Lawes & Gil- 

 bert, on their famous 

 experiment farms at 

 Rothamsted. It was 

 during this period that 

 he laid the foundation 

 of his futtire useful- 

 ness in the cause of 

 rational and scientific 

 agriculture and horti- 

 culture. In the year 

 1849 he came to Amer- 

 ica, and soon become 

 one of the foremost and most reliable writers for the 

 rural press. His "Walks and Talks on the Farm," 

 which appeared in the "Genesee Farmer" in 1864-65, 

 attracted general attention, and in 1866, when the 

 "Genesee Farmer" was purchased by the "American 

 Agriculturist," Jlr. Harris joined the editorial staff of 

 this paper and continued his "Walks and Talks" in each 

 number up to 1876. After an intermission of eight years. 



1019. Joseph Harris. 



