714 



HAWAIIAN ISLANDS 



been spent in the "improvement" of home grounds, and 

 some architectural gardening is to be found, but natu- 

 ralistic landscape gardening is, as yet, iu its infancy in 

 the islands, though nature furnishes so many excellent 

 types. 



Possibilities of Horticulture. — There can be no 

 doubt that the climates and the qualities of the soils 

 are such as to give to this country a very brilliant fu- 

 ture in the production of varied and superior horticul- 

 tural products. The amount of available land, however, 

 is limited, since the larger tillable tracts are already 

 used in the production of sugar-cane, and will probably 

 remain so occupied. Still there are a good many small 

 areas admirably adapted to horticulture. 



Then, too, the matter of market is one which must be 

 considered, since for all articles which cannot be 

 shipped on a six days' voyage, the cultivator is limited 

 at present to but one city of about 30,000 inhabitants 

 and another good-sized town. Again, the highly devel- 

 oped horticulture of California lies between Hawaii and 

 the great American markets. These home towns, how- 

 ever, are likely to double and treble their present popu- 

 lation during the next few years, and while there are 

 to-day many tons of fruit and vegetables imported from 

 California on every cold-storage steamer which arrives, 

 there does not seem to be immediate cause for alarm 

 regarding the market. An outlet for fruits and vege- 

 tables during the winter season is hoped to be found in 

 California, and a colony of American settlers is now de- 

 veloping this trade. 



Many minor industries are being tried, such as the 

 cultivation of the vanilla bean, various fiber plants, the 

 castor oil bean, and the like, and doubtless some of these 

 will prove valuable additions to the agriculture of the 

 country. The future of Hawaiian horticulture is not an 

 easy subject upon which to prophesy at the present 

 time, but one upon which many greatly interested in 

 the country's welfare are now thinking. A government 

 experiment station is greatly needed to aid in the solu- 

 tion of some problems connected with the subject. 



J. E. HiGGlNS. 



HAWKWEED. Hieracium. Various species of 

 Crepis are known as Hawksbearu. 



HAW6RTHIA (A. H. Haworth, an English botanist 

 of the beginning of the century, who wrote much and 

 well on succulents). LiUAcece, tribe Aloinece. Acaules- 

 cent or short-stemmed succulents: Ivs. mostly rather 

 small, crowded in short or less commonly elongated ro- 

 settes: fJs. white, rosy-striped, with somewhat irregrular 

 spreading limb, the style and stamens included. Cape 

 region. Cultivation and propagation as for Aloe, Gas- 

 teriaond Apicra, to which the genus is closely related. 





r^Sw^TT^taBM^' 



lOJl. Hawauan vegetation. Showing the Royal Palm as it grows in Honolulu. 



A. Foliage on an elongated stem^ {Aspect of Apicra.) 



B. irs. concafe, nerer coarsely whiie-dotted. 



c. Arrangement of Ivs. S-ranked. 



1. viscdsa, Haw. (4Mf m'scdso, Linn. A.triangiilAris, 

 Lam. Ap)cra viscdsa, Willd.). Lvs. broad and short, 

 densely imbricated, appressed. with spreading apex, 

 minutely scabrous or viscidly punctate. B.M. 814. — In 

 the type the leaf rows are vertical, but several marked 

 varieties occur, in some of which they are prominently 

 spirally twisted. 



2. tortudsa. Haw. {Aide torfttdsa, Haw.). Lvs. more 

 elongate, less crowded, not spreading at apex, in strongly 

 twisted rows, scabrous. B.M. \Xi7 (as Aloe rigida).— 

 Varies into several named forms. 



cc. Arrangement of lvs. many-ranked: stem shorter. 



3. rigida, Haw. {IT. expansa. Haw. Aide rigida, Kei- 

 Gawl. A. erpdnsa, lia.w.). Lvs. spreading or recurved, 

 somewhat atteuxiate, scabrous on the back. L. B. C. 

 15:1430. 



4. Bcibra, Haw. {Aide scAhra, Schult. f.). Lvs. sub- 

 erect in a shorter rosette than usual, thick and rather 

 obtuse, nearly plane above, both faces rugose-sca- 

 brous. 



BB. Lvs. mostly biconvex, white-dotted. 



5. Eelnwardtii, Haw. {Aloe Reinwardtii, Salm-Dyck). 

 Fig. 1022. Lvs. erect, often plano-convex, inflexed at 

 apex, very acute, somewhat veined beneath, the back or 

 both faces with numerous elevated white tubercles in 

 more or less evident rows. 



6. coarctata, Haw. {R. Re'inirardtii viridis. Aide 

 coarctttta , Srlmlt. f.). Lvs. thicker, clearer green and 

 more succulent, strongly biconvex, the back with a few- 

 scattered, scarcely elevated "whitish dots. 



AA. Foliage in a compact 



rosette. 



R. Margin of Ivs. not horny. 



c. Shape lvs. lanceolate. 

 {Aspect sornewhat of 

 Aloe hutnilis. } 



D. Tlie lvs. rnarsehi white- 

 t,< be re II late. 



7. attenuata, Haw. {Aloe 

 iittfiniald. Haw. Apicra at- 

 lenmita.WiUd.}. Lvs. thick, 

 attenuate, rigidly spreading, 

 rather concavo-convex, sca- 

 brous or often white-dotted 

 above, the back with the 

 white tubercles mostly in 

 transverse rows. B.M. 1.345 

 (as Aloe Radula }. 



8. fasciata, Haw. {Aloe 

 fiisciiUa, Salra-Dyck. 

 Ap'icra fasciAta, Willd.). 

 Lvs. more turgid, suberect, 

 merely acute, not scabrous, 

 the large white dorsal tuber- 

 cles confluent in rather dis- 

 tant transverse bands. 



