HELIANTHUS 



broad, short-peduncled ; rays 15-25, about 1% in. long, 

 showy. Prairies, Ind., 111., Wis. Gn. 45:im0. G.M. 

 31:204. — A desirable Helianthus. The garden form N. 

 semiptenus is better than the type. Resembles tall-grow- 

 ing forms of H. rigidus, but disk yellow. 



20. Calif6micu3, DC. Stem 3-8 ft. high. Ivs. lanceo- 

 late, rough ou both sides: fls. loosely paniculate. Calif. 

 — Most of the plants grown under this name are a gar- 

 den form of £f. anHUiis. 



21. hirsiitus, Raf. Stem 2-t ft. high, densely hairy: 

 Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, thick, very rough, pubescent and 

 pale beneath: fls. several, 2-3 in. across. July-Oct. 

 Dry soils. Pa. to Ga., west to Wis. and Texas. 



22. trachelifdlius. Mill. Resembles strumosus, but 

 stem ami H. -stalks usually rough-hairy and Ivs. thinner, 

 green on both sides. Aug., Sept. Dry soil. Pa. to Wis. 



S. W. Fletcher. 



HELICHRtSUM (Greek forsim and gold; referring 

 to the (lower heads). Compdsitw. ^ya., Elichrtjsum. 

 Nearly 300 Old World herbs or shrubs, mostly African 

 and Australian. Some of them are grown for everlast- 

 ings, being, with Helipterum, amongst the most impor- 

 tant plants for that purpose. Easily grown as hardy 

 annuals in any garden soil. Fls. of two kinds, the out- 

 ermost ones with pistils only: involucre dry and chaff- 

 like, the stiff overlapping scales glabrous, often colored: 

 heads large, terminating the branches, normally yellow, 

 but now varying into many colors in long-cultivated 

 forms. 



A. I/vs. oblong or narrow ; grown for everlastings. 



B. Heads large, solitary. 

 Ijracte&tum, Andr. Fig. 1030. Stout annual, lK-3ft. 



tall, somewhat branched, the terete stems nearly or 

 quite glabrous: Ivs. many and rather large, oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, narrowed to a short petiole, entire, green: 

 heads terminating the branches, l-2}.i' in. across, yellow 

 or orange, the short and obtuse involucre-scales imbri- 

 cated. Australia.- Perhaps the most important single 

 everlasting fl. grown in this country, particularly for 

 bold or heavy design work. It is very variable, particu- 

 larlv in color. The heads are pure white in var. dlhum, 

 Hoft. (ff.oVftKm, Hort. H. nlveiim. Grah. B.M. 3857); 

 scales tipped with red in var, bicolor, Hort. {£;iiclirfisuin 

 bicolnr, Lindl. B.R. 21 :Isl41 ; dark scarlet in var. atro- 

 coccineum, Hort. {ff. iilnimrri, num. Hort.); dark blood- 

 red in var. atrosanguineum, Hort. (ff. atrosanguiiienm, 

 Hort.). The forms with very large heads are often 

 known as H. macrdnthwin, Hort. The double forms are 

 often known as H. nionstrdsum, Hort. Other portraits 

 of this species will be found in B.R. 24:58. R.H. 

 1851:101. 



BB. Heads medium to small, in clusters. 



C. Color yellow or orange. 

 arenirium, DC. A foot or less high, herbaceous: Ivs. 



plane, white-woolly, the lower ones oblong-obovate and 

 long-attenuated into a petiole, the upper ones linear-lan- 

 ceolate and acute: heads globular, in compact little co- 

 rymbs, bright yellow. Perennial, in sand, France.— Ap- 

 parently not cult, in this country. See Everlasting. 



orientJlle, Gsertn. (Gnaphtilium orienlille, Linn.). 

 Stem simple, 13^2 ft. or less tall: Ivs. oval-oblong to lan- 

 ceolate, obtuse, sessile, rather small: heads bright yel- 

 low, small, globular, in corymbs. S. Eu. toAsiaMinor.— 

 Much cult, in Mediterranean regions, but little known 

 in this country. 



apiculitum, D. Don. Perennial, 1-2 ft., foment' se, 

 leafy below: Ivs. lanee-spatulate, the base more or less 

 spatulate: heads K in. across, in small heads or clus- 

 ters, orange-yellow, the scales sharp-pointed. Australia. 

 —Little known in this country. 



cc. Color white or nearly so. 



gr^andifldrum. Less. Perennial, somewhat woody, de- 

 cumbent at the base : Ivs. crowded near the base, ses- 

 sile, oliovate to oval or oblong, obtuse, woolly on both 

 sides : heads hemispherical, in corymbose clusters, 

 glossy, cream-color, ^^in. across. S. Afr. 



diosmaefdlium. Sweet. Tall, upright: Ivs. very small, 

 narrow-linear ( Kin. or less long), the margins revolute: 



HELICODICEROS 



23 



heads small and numerous, white. — Cult, in S. Calif, by 

 Franceschi. Australia; sometimes grows 20 ft. high. 

 AA. Lvs. orate or broader : border and vase plant. 

 petiolitum, DC. (GiiaphAlium lanatum, Hort.). 

 Tender perennial, cult, for its long, woolly stems and 

 woolly Ivs., either as an edging in ribbon borders or as 



1030. Helichrysum bracteatum ( X M) • 

 One of the choicest everlastings. 



an ornament in lawn vases : Ivs. petiolate, ovate and 

 broad at the base, obtuse: heads (not often seen in 

 CTilt. ) in branched cymes, the involucre scales obtuse, 

 cream-white. S. Afr. — An old garden plant. Prop, by 

 cuttings from stock plants carried over winter. 



HELICdDEA. See Billbergia. 



KELICOVtC'EB.OS {Greek, spirallyS-horned). Ariieeee. 

 The extraordinary plant shown in Fig. 1031 is known as 

 the "Hairy Arum" and sold by the bulb dealers as Arum 

 crinitiim. When in flower it has a disgusting odor, 

 which attracts carrion flies and bright green insects, as 

 uncanny as the plant itself. The plant is the only spe- 

 cies in its genus, the hairiness of the spadix being a 

 very distinct character. Helicodiceros and Dracunculus 

 are alike in having few ovules, which are fastened at the 

 top and bottom of the cell, but in the latter the stanii- 

 nate and pistillate fls. are close together, while in the 

 former they are separated by a sterile portion. Arum 

 differs from both genera in having the ovules fastened 

 in 2 series at the side of the cell. The Ivs. of Arum are 

 spear- or arrow-shaped, while in the other two they are 

 pedately cut. Latest monograph in Latin by Engler in 

 D.O. Mbn. Phan. 2:004 (1879). 



Tliis plant is worth growing once, since it is one of 

 the great curiosities of horticulture. It may he secured 



