HORTICULTURE 



ANNUAL AND BIENNIAL FLOWERS — Oorttmufiti. 



HORTICULTURE 



761 



Daisy, 



Dwarf Basil, 

 Egg Plant, 

 Eupatorium, Blue, 

 Euphorbia Lathyris, 

 Fading Beauty, or Morning 



Bride (Scabiosa), 

 Fir {Finus balsamea). 

 Foxglove, 

 Fringe Tree, 



Oeranium {Pelargonitim), 

 Garden Angelica. 

 Glycine, Cluster-flowering, 

 Golden Coreopsis. 

 Golden Everlasting {Xeran 



tkemum). 

 Hollyhock, 

 Honeysuckle, 

 Hyacinth, 

 Hydrangea, 

 Ice Plant, 

 Impatiens Balsamina, 



Lagerstroemia Indica, 

 Laurel, Broad-leaved {Kal- 



Lilac. 

 Lily, 

 Lime Plant [Podo, 



peltatum) , 

 Lychnadia (Phlox). 

 Mezereon {Daphne 



Mountain Ash, 



Musk Geranium, 



Myrtle. 



Narcissus, 



Nasturtium , 



Passion Flower, 



Paeony, 



Pea, Sweet, 



Peach, Double-flowering, 



Pink, 



Perennial Sunflower, double, 



Polyanthus, 



Pyrethrum Parthenium, 



Poppy, 



Purple Hyacinth Bean, 



Roses, 



Rose Acacia, 



Rose colored Hibiscus, 



Rudbeckia, 



Scarlet Cacalia, 



Scarlet Lychnis (L. Ckalce 



donica). 

 Siberian Crab. 

 Snow-ball Tree, 

 Snowberry, 



Spice-woodiZ/aMrtis Benzoin), 

 Spiderwort {Tradescantia), 

 Spiriea, 



Syi'inga, or Mock Orange, 

 S t ra wbero'Tree ( JBitonj/ //lus ) , 

 Sweet Bay iLaurus nobilis), 



Sweet Willi: 



Pink, 

 Tulip, 

 Venetian 



Tree, 

 Violet, bin 



Poeti( 



GREENHOUSE PLANT 



valley, 



Lilies of the 



Ranunculusi 



Anemones, 



Single and Double Jonquils 



White Lilies, 



Mignonette, 

 Verbena trifoliata, 



Vervain, 

 Fuchsia coccinea, 

 Cobaea scandeus. 

 Camellia Japouica, 



nese Rose, 

 Myrtles. 



These lists are much less ample than those of M'Ma- 

 hon, over twenty years earlier, but they may be sup- 

 posed to include the popular and most easily grown 

 things. They will be suggestive to those who 

 wish to make"old-fashioned gardens." M'Mahon's 

 list was evidently largely compiled from Euro- 

 pean sources. Green says that the first list 

 (strangely called "annual and biennial flowers ) 

 contains "such plants, shrubs and trees as are ot 

 easy cultivation, generally hardy." The second li'-t 

 comprises "a few different sorts of greenhousi 

 plants" "which are commonly grown in rooms.' 



The first American book to be devoted to i 

 special flower was Sayers' book on the dahli i 

 Boston, 1839, which appeared only a year latei 

 than Paxton's well-known book in England 

 Sayers' book also included the cactus. The next 

 special flower book seems to have been Buisl*- 

 "Rose Manual," Philadelphia, 1844, althoiigh <i 

 sentimental book on the "Queen of Flowers" h id 

 appeared in the same city in 1841. Buist's book 

 went to at least four editions. It was followed bv 

 Prince's in 184G, and by S. B. Parson's "The 

 Rose : Its History, Poetry, Culture and Classih 

 cation," 1H4G. Parson's book went to a revised 

 edition. Of later-date flower-books there are 

 several of importance, but it is not the purpose 

 of this history to trace more than the beginnings 

 of American floricultural writings. 



In 1838 appeared a book in French in New 

 Orleans. This was Lelievre's"Nouveau Jardinier 

 de la Louisiane." It was a small book of 200 

 pages, with a calendar and brief directions for 

 the growing of vegetables, fruits and flowers. 

 Singularly enough, a French book also appeared 

 at the other extreme of the country. This was 

 Provancher's "Le Verger-Canadien," published 

 in Quebec in 1872. 



The writings clearly portray the tendencies of the 

 floricultural interests, — from the formal-flower ideals of 

 the dahlia and camellia to the enormous development 



of the cut-flower interest, and the growth within the 

 last few years of the greater love of plants themselves. 

 Palms and decorative plants are now almost necessities, 

 where 50 years ago they would have been the luxury 

 of luxuries. "There has been a radical change in the 

 character of the flowers used for cut-flower purposes," 

 wrote Alfred Henderson in 1895. "Fifty years ago, 

 camellia flowers retnibd fnrly for a dollar each, and 

 during the holidays Phihubljihiii used to send thousands 

 to New York florists, i;.-ttiii.:; -ffpOO per 1,000; while roses 

 went begging at one-tenth these figures. Now, the rose 

 is queen, and the poor camellia finds none so poor to 

 do her reverence. * * * * I confidently believe that 

 the time is not far distant when we shall compete seri- 

 ously with the foreign grower in the production of new 

 varieties of roses." William Scott, of Buffalo, makes 

 the following comments on tendencies in floriculture: 

 "About the year 1880, tulips and narcissuses began to 

 be forced, and diiring the next 15 years immense quan- 

 tities of these bulbs were imported annually from Hol- 

 land. As the methods of forcing were perfected the 

 market became overstocked, and, although large quan- 

 tities are still forced for the winter and spring months, 

 they^re not now in the same favor as formerly, and the 

 rose, carnation, violet, lily-of-the-valley and mignonette 

 are still the favorites. Orchids are not yet the flower 

 for the million, but there is a yearly increasing demand 

 for them, and at present the showy orchids, such as the 

 Oattleyas and Laelias, are far short of the demand. 

 As their cultivation is more generally understood, we 

 look for a very steady increase in the number grown, 

 and are confident that the supply will not soon exceed 

 the demand. Within the past 5 or 6 years a marked in- 

 crease is noticeable in the use of plants to adorn the 

 home, and the demand is for an expensive class of 

 plants, — palms, dracenas, araucarias and ferns being 

 among those mostly used. Now few homes with any 

 pretension to luxury or even comfort are without a few 

 fine plants scattered through the rooms, and many of 

 our modern houses are provided with either a bay 

 window or small conservatory for the accommodation of 

 plants." See Cnt-Floivers and Floriculture. 



Early Pomological Writings. — It is in the poraolog- 

 ical writings that North America has made the greatest 

 contributions to horticultural literature. William For- 



1082. Example of the earliest 

 Esopus Spitzeubury, 



of American fruits. 

 d by Coxe in 1817. 



eyth's excellent "Treatise on the Culture and Manage 

 ment of Fruit Trees" appeared in Loudon in 1802, and it 

 was widely read, "an impression of 1,500 copies (of the 



