ILEX 



ILLINOIS 



799 



obtusely pointed, entire. 2-3 in. long : fr. large, rather long- 

 peduncled.red, Japan. — I, loJigipes^i^haptn. Deciduous shrub, 

 aiUed to i. decidua; Ivs. elliptic-lanceolate, crenately serrate, 

 almost glabrous: fr. globose, slender-pedicelled. N. C. toGa., 

 west to La. G. F. 3:345. — /. inicrocdrpa, Lindl. = rotunda, 

 Thunb. — I.Paraguariensis, St, Hil. (I. Paraguayensis, Auth.). 

 Mate. Paraguay Tea. Shrub, to 15 ft.: Ivs. obovate, obtuse, 

 obtusely serrate, 2-5 in. long, glabrous: fr. small, peduncled. 

 Brazil.—/, r>nhlo. Ait. (I. platyphyllos.Webb. & Berth.). Ever- 

 green p3 I .iiiiiiLiI f rtr. to i'n It . glabrous: Ivs. broadly ovate or 

 obovate I 'I mI.i.ii^'. , nt iiv s. rr;ile ou young plants, 2-5 in long: 

 fr. hirgi-. n L' in-ii I r,l -.liMit pi'dicelled, on last year's growth: 

 Canar. L.Im i;:..r.i, P. M. 4<Mt.—/. rotunda, Thunb. (I. micro- 

 earpa, Lindl j. Evergreen shrub or tree, to 40 ft.: Ivs. oblong 

 or elliptic, acute, pointed, quite entire: fr. small, red, in pe- 

 duncled clusters. Japan. P.F.G. l,p.43. G.C. 1850:311. F.S.7. 

 p. 216. — /. Trngbsa, F. Schmidt. Evergreen low spreading shrub, 

 sometimes prostrate, glabrous: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate to lan- 

 ceolate, remotely crenate-serrate, rugose above, %-1 in. long: 

 fr. usually solitary, scarlet. Japan, Sacchalin. — 7. triflbra, 

 Brandegee. Evergreen tree, to 40 ft., with spreading pubescent 

 branches: Ivs. elliptic -lanceolate, remotely serrate or almost 

 entire, pubescent, 2-3^2 in. long: fls.5-merous. Calif. G.F. 7:416 

 (by error named I. CaUfomica). ALFRED Rehder, 



ILL1CIUM( Latin fora/^HremeHi; probablyin reference 

 to the ai2:reeable odor). Magnolidcece. A half dozen spe- 

 cies in Japan, China, India and ea.stern N. America. 

 Small trees or shrubs, iirlabmus, with thick, short-peti- 

 oled entire evergreen hs.; lis. sukiII. solitary or in 3\s 

 in the axils of Ivs. or lunl-scjiirs. iioihiing or inclined, 

 yellow or purplish; stpals :j-G; ])t.'luU many, imbricated 

 in 3 or more rows or series; stamens 10-many, with 

 thick filaments: carpels usually many, forming a ring 

 of almost woody pods. The lUiciums are aromatic plants 

 with perfect fls. 



One of the Illiciums furnishes the Star or Chinese 

 Anise, which is the small star-shaped cluster of fruits. 

 The odor and flavor strongly resemble Anise. It is much 

 used in oriental countries in cookery, and is exported to 

 some extent and is said to be used in flavoring certain 

 French wines. This product comes from China. It has 

 been supposed to be the product of /. anisahtm of 

 Linnseus, but that plant is a Japanese tree and it con- 

 tains a poison. In the American trade are the names 

 /. anisatinn and /. religiosum. It now transpires that 

 these names belong to the same plant, and that the Star 

 Anise is produced by another species. This other spe- 

 cies, or the true Star Anise, was first accurately de- 

 scribed and figured (as /. verum. Hook. f. ) in B.M. 

 7005 (1888), where the confusion of two or three cen- 

 turies is elucidated. There is probably only one East 

 Asian lllicium in the trade in N. Amer., as follows: 



anis^tum, Linn., not Gfertn. (7. religidsiim, Sieb. & 

 Zucc). Small tree: Ivs. alternate, elliptic, short-peti- 

 oled, somewhat acuminate: fls. mostly solitary, sessile 

 or nearly so, yellowish, not fragrant, with many very 

 narrow petals, and 20-3() stamens. Japan. B.M. 3965.— 

 Grown far S. There is a form with variegated Ivs. 



Two native Illiciums gi-owing in the Gulf country are: /. 

 yioHdanum, Ellis. Shrub, 6-10 ft.: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. 

 or more long: petals 20-30, very narrow, dark crimson. B.M. 

 439. Gn. 36. p. 151. J.H. Itl. 30:36.'S.-/. parvifldrum, Michx. 

 Lvs. elliptic or lanceolate, mostly under 4 in. long: petals very 

 small (^ in. long), 6-11, yellowish. L_ jj_ g_ 



ILLINOIS, HORTICULTURE IN. Pig. 112fi. The 

 state of lUinnis. lyin:,^ in tin- licart of the Mississippi 

 valley, the m*jst t'lrtilt- {turrinn <.f tlie LTnited States, and 

 with its eastern boundary over 700 miles from the At- 

 lantic coast, has a range north and south of a little over 

 .350 miles, extending from 37° to 42° 30' north latitude, 

 and a breadth east and west of about 200 miles at its 

 widest point. In spite of Its great length, the difference 

 in mean annual temperature between the extreme north- 

 ern and southern parts of the state is only 10° F., 

 although the rainfall in the southern part is one-half 

 greater than in tlu* northern. 



Soil coiiditimis alone considered, Illinois stands, agri- 

 culturally, at the very forefront. Third among the states 

 of the Union (1890) in population, and first in railroad 

 mileage, it is also first in total bulk of agricultural and 

 horticultural products. There are no considerable tracts 

 of worthless land in the state; and the statistics col- 

 lected by the State Board of Agriculture show every one 

 of the 102 counties of the state to be fruit producing. 



51 



The statistics of the census of 1890 showed Illinois at 

 that time to be easily third in rank among the horti- 

 cultural states. 



The horticultural interests of Illinois have been well 

 looked after and carefully placed on a permanent basis 

 by the legislature. In 1874 an act was passed by that 

 body establishing the Illinois State Horticultural Society 

 (which was organized in 1855) as a public corporation 



IGAN 



1126. mil 

 Showing three horticultural divisions, following county lines. 



of the state. The State Horticultural Society is divided 

 into three subdivisions, the Northern, Central and South- 

 ern Illinois Horticultural Societies, each taking in about 

 one-third of the state ( see map ) . The State Horticiiltural 

 Society has been liberally supported by the legislature 

 since its foundation, and is in a floiirishing condition. 



The most distinctive fruit section of Illinois is the 

 southern third. This area contains something over 

 150,000 acres devoted to the growing of apples alone. 

 Other deciduous fruits, notably peaches and pears, and 

 small fruits, especially strawberries, are also grown in 

 large quantities in this part of Illinois. During the sea- 

 son of 1898 over 800 car-loads of strawberries alone were 

 shipped to outside markets from the fruit districts of 

 southern Illinois. Increased shipping facilities and the 

 coming into bearing of orchards already some time 

 planted are rapidly bringing southern Illinois into com- 

 petition with Michigan in the production of peaches. 



The southern fruit district, as indicated on the map, 

 lies between 37° and 39° 30' north latitude, the former 

 being the latitude of Norfolk, Va., and the latter that 

 of Baltimore, Md. The climate of this district is best 

 indicated by the fact that the isotherm 55° F. passes 

 through the northern part of the district, the same tem- 

 perature line also passing through the peach and sweet 

 potato districts of Delaware and southern New Jersey. 

 The 50° isotherm passes through Illinois about on the 

 dividing line between the northern and central fruit dis- 



