858 



KENTUCKY 



secureil in fruit-production are possible larg^ely on ac- 

 count of the immunity from late spring frosts, due to 

 elevated locations and to the deeply eroded river chan- 

 nels, which afford abundant cold air drainage. 



In the extreme southwestern corner of the state (near 

 K in Fig. 1209), in the counties of Carlisle, Hickman and 

 Fulton, a combination of favorable conditions has led to 

 an extensive development of the trucking and small 

 fruit interests. Chief among these conditions are a fer- 

 tile soil, a warm spring temperature, and direct and rapid 

 transportation, both by water and rail, to northern cities. 

 Many hundreds of acres of strawberries are grown, and 

 the production of beans, spinach, melons and other gar- 

 den crops is of nearly equal importance. 



In the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, the fruit and vege- 

 table-growing interests are quite extensive, although 

 the conditions for market-gardening have led to a 

 greater development of that business upon the northern 

 than upon the Kentucky side of the Ohio river. 



About two-fifths of the eastern portion of Kentucky, 

 comprising the mountainous part of the state, is still 

 sparsely settled, its agriculture is confined to a few 

 staple crops produced, in many cases, by primitive 

 methods, and true horticulture is comparatively un- 

 known over a great part of this vast area, although, as 

 shown in isolated localities, nearly all our fruits and 

 vegetaljles can be grown with perfect success. Within 

 the borders of this mountain region, in the southeastern 

 part of the state, are several prosperous German and 

 Swiss colonies, nearly every member of which, with 

 characteristic industry and thrift, has possessed him- 

 self, on some part of his farm, of a vineyard and or- 

 chard, and so produces an ample supply of the best 

 fruits. Here and there in other localities, enterprising 

 individuals have demonstrated the easy possibility of 

 producing orchard and garden products without stint; 

 but the average farmer of the mountain region, as too 

 often elsewhere, is apparently content to let his table re- 

 main bare of the best fruits and vegetables, as his home 

 surroundings are so often bare of trees and flowers. 



The public parks of the state are confined almost ex- 

 clusively to those of the city of Louisville, which was 

 itself without any park system until recent years. 

 After the passage of an act providing for their estab- 

 lishment, a board of park commissioners was elected in 

 1890, since which time the development of the park sys- 

 tem has been vigorously prosecuted. At the present 

 time there has been secured for this purpose a splendid 

 public possession of over 1,100 acres, composed of Iro- 

 quois park, 589 acres; Cherokee park, 304 acres; Shaw- 

 nee park, 167 acres ; and the southern parkway, 48 acres, 

 together with a number of small city squares. These 

 parks are being improved under the direction of the 

 most skilful landscape architects, and promise soon to 

 bring the city of Louisville to an equality in this respect 

 with other great cities of the country. 



Of other public grounds in which the work of the 

 'andscape horticulturist is manifest, the two ceme- 

 teries, Cave Hill, of Louisville, and that of Lexington 

 are perhaps the most notable examples in the state. 

 The former comprises an area of about 300 acres, and 

 is situated upon a beautiful tract ot land, elevated 100 

 feet above the Ohio river. It contains several beautiful 

 lakes, and is especially rich in its collections of 

 aquatics. 



The cemetery at Lexington contains over 100 acres, 

 and was established in 1849. It is exceptionally fortu- 

 nate in having been under the same superintendent 

 during its entire history of almost fifty years, and in 

 having the landscape method of treatment followed 

 from the first. Among many interesting horticultural 

 features, the most notable to-day are the magnificent 

 old bur oaks and white elms, many of which are 4 or 5 

 feet in diameter. Clarence W. Mathews. 



KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS. Poa pratensis. 



KENTUCKY COFFEE TREE. Gymnocladit^ Cana- 

 densis. 



K£;RNERA. Cruciarcp. Under this name amateurs 

 cultivate a rock plant growing about 4 in. high, which 

 blooms profusely all summer, its fls. being small, white, 



KERRIA 



and borne in elongated umbels. It should probably be 

 known as Cocklearia saxatills. Four genera, represent- 

 ing 4 orders, have been named after Johann Simon von 

 Kerner, 1755-1830, Prof, of Botany at Stuttgart. Bentham 

 and Hooker regard the cruciferous Kernera as a sub- 

 genus of Cochlearia, in which the stamens are longer 

 and bowed at the apex: pods turgid; valves very con- 

 vex: cotyledons accumbent or incumbent. 



The following species is a compact, branching, neat 

 habited plant thriving in any light soil that is moder- 

 ately rich. It requires a sunny but not too dry situation. 

 Prop, by cuttings, division or seed. 



K. saxdHlis, Reichb. Properly Cochlearia saxatilis, Linn. 

 Root-lvs. oblong, dentate, pilose : stem-lvs. linear-oblong : 

 petals 4, obovate, 2-3 times as long as the calyx: seeds numer- 

 ous, not margined. Eu. j^ g, KELLER and W. M. 



KflRRIA (after William Kerr, a gardener who intro- 

 duced this and many other plants from China; not J. 

 Bellenden Ker or M. Kerr, as often stated). Jfosdcew. 

 A monotypic genus, one of the first shrubs brought from 

 Japan; best known by its weak, slender green branches, 

 slender irregularly toothed Ivs. and large yellow fls. It 

 grows 4-8 ft. high and as broad as high, with numerous 

 short-branched,spreadingstems,attraclive in winter from 

 its light green branches, in early June when its blossoms 

 appear in greatest abundance; in November, when the 

 Ivs. are of a clearyellow, and is not unattractive through- 

 out the whole year. It is a refined plant and deserves 

 free use in ornamental planting, either in simple masses 

 or at the front of a shrubby group or border. It is not 

 thoroughly hardy in all situations in the northern states, 

 the tips of its branches often winter-killing, which 

 causes it to demand a well-drained and partially shel- 

 tered position. It grows in any good garden soil. Al- 

 though enduring sunlight, it is best in partial shade, 

 since the intensity of full sunlight partially bleaches the 

 fis. It is prop, by cuttings, layers and root divisions. 



Jap6nica, DC {CdrcJiorus Jap6nicus,Thunh.) Globe 

 Flower. Japanese Rose. Fig. 1210. Lvs. simple, al- 

 ternate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, largely unequally 

 serrate, 1-2 in. long, clear green above, pale below, thin, 

 slightly pubescent: fls. abundant, solitary, terminal, 

 peduncled, 1-2 in. in diameter, appearing in June and 



1210. Kerria Japonica. 

 Showing single and double flowers (X %). 



more or less throughout the year; calyx persistent, 5- 

 lobed; petals 5, large, yellow, ovate; stamens numerous: 

 carpels 5-8, globose, distinct. A. G. 18:425. F.E. 9:593. 

 R.H. 1809, p. 293. S.B.F.G. II. 337. Gn. 21, p. 275.- 

 Var. flora pl^no, double, more vigorous and more fre- 

 quent in culture than the single. B.M. 1296. Var. 

 ^andifldra, a vigorous form with large fls. Var. aiireo- 

 vittatis (ranuilis variegatis aureis), a dwarf form, the 

 branches striped with yellow and green. Var. arg6nteo- 

 variegS-ta, 2-3 ft. high, with small green lvs. edged with 

 white. A. Phelps Wvman. 



