LICUALA 



L.IGUSTRUM 



911 



AA. Lis. digitatehf <Iiri,}r,l: fohes narrow. 

 B. Lobes /.'.s.s- ihan 12. 

 Jean^nceyi, Sander. A dwarf. I'apidly growing palm: 

 leep shining green; lobes blunt, 5 to 8. New Guinea. 

 >5, p.71. F.E.U:291. G.M. 41:341. 



Gn 



BB. Lobes 12 or more. 

 V. Petioles without spines in the upper part. 

 61egrans, Blurae. Stems thick as a man's body. 4 ft. 

 hiy:h, pnniiiiifntly scarred: petioles 3-4H ft. long, the 

 ni:ir:j:iiis with lirown hooked spines to just above the 

 miiUlIf; Ivs. (.rbicular; lobes very graceful, the linear- 

 lanoeohite lateral ones gradually decrt'asinfi: to 11 In., 

 oblitpiely truncate, with acute tr.-ili. rhr inidrlle lobes Hi 

 in. Inntr. truncate, with broader 'il.li(|uriy .tvate obtuse 

 teeth, lobes with only 2 or 3 folds. Sumatra. 



^y-^^^ -^ F?/^ 



!/y.._\ 



127 . Licuala peltata. 



OC. Petioles spinij throughout. 

 D. Lvs, ascending. 

 peltata, Roxb. Fig. 1271. Lvs. 3-5 ft. diam.. orbieu- 



(ith. mai 

 stout, :!-4 



• A: Man<ln 



lobes very variable in length 

 toothed at the apex, the teeth H-2 in. ; pt^ti< 

 ft. lone:. The lobes of the lvs, droop v<'r\ 

 G.O. 1872:1(157. India.-Adv. 1895, by Pitch 

 Fig. 1271 is redrawn from Martins. 



DD. Lvs. horizontally spreading. 



spindsa, Wurmb. {L. hth-ridn, Blxime). Lvs. 3 ft. or 

 more in diara., orbicular-reniform; inner lobes 18-22 in, 

 long, 4J-2-5 in. wide at the apex, 10-11-tooihed; outer 

 lobes 15 in. long. lK-2 in. wide, 4-()-toothed; teeth 

 rather large, triangular-ovate, bifid; petioles obtusely 

 3-angled, 4-5 ft. long, with brownish hooked spines. 

 Java. Moluccas. Jared G. Smith. 



Licualas are very handsome warmhouse palms of mod- 

 erate growth, several species of which have been grown 

 to some extent commercially. They delight in a tropi- 

 cal temperature and abundant moisture, and should also 

 be shaded from strong sunshine in order to produce 

 foliage of the deep, rich shade of green that is common 

 to this genus. 



The most attractive species is L. grandis, which has 

 been until recent years a costly species owing to its 

 comparative rarity in cultivation. It is probably within 

 ten years that the first consignment of seeds of this spe- 

 cies was received in America. 



The large fan-shaped leaves of the Licualas are some- 

 what tender and easily injured, which makes them of 

 less value for house decoration, but as exhibition plants 



58 



there are few palras more striking than L. grandis, and 

 L. eleynns. L. spinoaa and L. peltata are also well 

 worth cultivation, though objection is sometimes found 

 to the strong hooked spurs with which their leafstalks 

 are armed. ^ ^ Taplin. 



LIGULARIA. All referred to Senecio. 



LIGUSTICUM (Latin, referring to the ancient prov- 

 ince of Liguria, where a plant was gathered which was 

 something like this and used in medicine.) LfmbelUferce. 

 This includes a native hardy herbaceous plant suitable 

 for naturalizing with aquatics and bog plants. It has a 

 bold h;ibit, iii-ows -J-C. ft. hi-li and has teniately decom- 

 I>o.mh1 t..|i;i-r. ( urn-.M \.^ ,|r;,I.Ts in iiativi- plants. The 

 genus has alioui I'o ^\„-,],--~ ^cattrn-d in tlie northern 

 hemisplKTc. ThL-y have large aromatic ro(»ts, mostly no 

 involucre, involucels of narrow bractlets and while Hs. 

 in large, many-rayed umbels. Consult our manuals or 

 Coulter and Rose's "Revision of North American L'm- 

 bellifer®/' 1888. 



actaeifolium, Michx. Stem stout, branched above: 

 lvs. 3— 4-ternate; Ifts. 2-5 in. long, coarsely serrate, 

 broadly oblong: umbel 10-20-rayed: fruiting rays 1-2 

 in. lonsr. July, Aug. Rich ground, S. Pa. to Gulf of 

 Mex. B.B. 2:519. -Int. by H. P. Kelsey. -v\^ M. 



LIGtrSTRUM {ancient Latin name). OleAceie. In- 

 cludiiiir I'i.snhiin. Privet. Prim. Ornamental shrubs or 

 trees with tleciduous or evergreen opposite, entire lvs., 

 whiteor whitish, mostly fra-:rant Hs. in terTuiiial panicles, 

 and decorative, usually bh.<-k iM-rnes. <d"t.ii rcuKiinin-: on 

 the brancln's ihioiiLch tlie wbulc winter. Some ilt-ciduftus 

 species, as I/, vuiiiare, Ihola,riiiafum ixnd Amarcnse, are 

 hardy North, while others, like L. ovalifolium, immense 

 and Quihoui, can not be considered quite hardy north of 

 Long Island. The evergreen species are only half-hardy 

 or tender, but L. Japonleum may be grown as far north 

 as Philadelphia. They are all very valuable for shrub- 

 beries, with their clean, dark green foliage, which is 

 rarely attacked by insects and keeps its green color 

 mostly uiii-hani^ed until late in fall, tliough L. cilinlum 

 slii'ls till- lvs. rather early and L. Ihofu and sometimes 

 L. ni-'i /ii'olnnii assume a pretty purplish hue; in mild 

 winters some of the deciduous species hold part of their 

 foliage until almost .spring. L. vulgare, ovalifoUurn 

 and others stand dust and smoke well and are valuable 

 for planting in cjtirs. /.. ovaflfoliuw is one of the best 

 shrubs for seaside i-Iaiilin-. i^nnwin-; wrll in the very 

 spray of the salt war. r ( known as California Privet). 

 Some are handsome i?i bloom, t-specialiy L. Sineyise, 

 Ibofa, Japonicum, luciduui and most of the other ever- 

 green species; all are conspicuous in autumn and winter 

 from the black berries, or in some vars. of L. vulgaro, 

 whitish, greenish or yellowish. L. ruhjare, ovalifnliuin 

 ami also L. Amurense are well adapted for ornamental 

 li'dirts. The Privets growin almost any kind of soil, and 

 eveu in rather dry situations and under the shade and drip 

 of trees. Prop, by seeds sown in fall or stratified, some- 

 times not germinating until the second year; usually in- 

 creased by cuttings of hardwood or by greenwood cut- 

 tings in summer under glass ; vars. are sometimes 

 grafted on L. viilgare or L. ovalifoUum. About 35 

 species, chiefly in E. Asia and Himalayas, distributed 

 south to Australia, one in Europe and N. Africa: from 

 allied genera distinguished by the terminal intiorescence 

 and from Syringa by the berry-like fr. Lvs. short-peti- 

 oled, estipulate: fls. perfect, small; calyx carapanulate, 

 obscurely 4-toothed; corolla funnel-shaped, with mostly 

 rather .short tube and with 4 spreading lobes; stamens 

 2: fr. a 1-3-seeded berry-like drupe. 



Alfred Rehder. 



California Privet for Hedges. — First method — 

 Cuttings 8-14 inches of 1-year wood are made in fall nr 

 winter, preferably the former, as they are occasionally 

 damaged by the winter, even as far south as Alabama. 

 These are tied in bundles and buried during winter. 

 In the spring they are stuck in rows 2-G inches by 2-3^ 

 feet, and kept cultivated. They are sold at 1 year, when 

 1-2^ feet high, or at 2 years, when 2-4 feet high. If not 

 sold at 2 years the plants are sometimes cut back to 3 

 inches to sprout again. They are dug by spade or tree- 

 digger. These closely grown plants will make a hedge, 



