930 



LIPPIA 



soil 110 matter how poor, rapidly covers the grouud, 

 sniotliers weeds, stands trampliiij;, requires much less 

 water than grass, needs no mowing, can be easily taken 

 ont if desirable, and is used in southern Europe for 

 tennis grounds. Voss pictures this plant with an erect 

 and tufted habit, and refers it. together with L. ctines- 

 cena, to L. nodiflora. These two names were kept dis- 

 tinct by Schauer in DeCandolle's Prodroraus, and speci- 

 mens of Pranceschi's plant come nearer U* L. nnn'snus 

 than to L. nodiflora. Schauer's distincticms are i;iven 

 below, but there is doubt as to the chief in.iut of diftVr- 

 ence: viz., whether any of the plants are annual. They 

 all take root at the joints. 



AA. Plant annua!. 

 nodiflbra. Rich. Stems herbaceous: caly.'s 2-parted, 

 slightly 2-keeled, keels puberulous; the whole corolla a 

 little more than one-twelfth of an inch long. Hanks and 

 sandy shores in the torrid zone and warmer parts of 

 the temperate zone. 



A. Plant perennial. 



can^scens, Kunth. Stem somewhat woody at the base: 



calyx 2-toolh<-d. 2-keeled, the keels slightly villous; 



corolla i'ons|iiiuously larger than in related species. 



ith 



pla 



yellow throat. S. America, in dry, grassy 



citrioddra, Kunth [Aloysia citrlodbra , Orteg. ). Lemon 

 \'ebbena. Lvs. in whorls of 3 or 4, lanceolate, short- 

 stalked, glabrous, densely covered beneath with glandu- 

 lar dots: spikes whorled and axillary or collected in 

 terminal panicles, which may be 3 in. long and wide. 

 li.U. 361 (Verbena triphylla). Gn.5G:14G0. G. C. II. 

 11:,'!01. 



A florist should always have a few Lemon Verbenas. 

 Save a dozen plants in spring, shift them on as required, 

 and in the summer plunge the pots outside. At the 

 approach of frost bring them into the greenhouse, stand 

 them under the lightest and coolest bench, and give 

 them water enough merely to keep the wood from 

 shriveling. In early February shake the plants out of 

 the pots, shorten the unripened and weak wood, repot 

 in fresh soil, using 4-inch pots, and start the plants 

 into fresh growth in a temperature of 55°. In a few 

 weeks they will be covered with new growths suitable 

 for cuttings. Cuttings root readily in about 3 weeks. 

 The sand of the cutting-bench should be a little warmer 

 than the air. Water the sand twice a day, and keep it 

 well soaked. Never allow the cuttings to wilt from sun- 

 shine or dryness. Transfer the cuttings when rooted to 

 2-inch pots, and in April shift to 3-inch pots, plunging 

 them in a mild hotbed, where by the middle of May. with 

 one pinching, they will have become fine, bushy plants. 

 They need frequent syringing to prevent attacks of red 

 sP'''*'''- Wm. Scott and W. M. 



LIQUIDAMBAR (acomiiound of the Latin Itquidus, 

 rtuid, aiHl tin- Araliic anilmr. amber, the name given by 

 the Spaniards in AiniTJca t'i-'»ni the fragrant sap which 

 exudes from the tree). UiimamelidArew. A genus of 

 about 4 species, the one commonly known being the 

 Sweet Gum or Liquidambar of the middle and .southern 

 states, a most interesting tree from its symmetrical 

 head, star-.shaped maple-like lustrous lvs., brilliant au- 

 tumnal color, deep furrowed bark and corky winged 

 branches. Its branches are short in proportion, and 

 slender, giving it, when young, a narrow, pyramidal 

 head, which becomes, when old, a narrow, oblong 

 crown. Its foliage in autumn usually assumes a deep 

 crimson. Its corky branches, not a wholly constant 

 character, add to its picturesqueness and lend to its 

 interest in winter. In the southern states, where it fre- 

 quents river bottoms and is one of the most common 

 trees, it reaches the height of 80 ft. or more. Farther 

 north, where it is found on the borders of swamps and 

 is rarer, it reaches the maximum of 60-70 ft. On drier 

 and higher ground, it remains a small tree. In cultiva- 

 tion it is of moderate growth, thriving both in low, 

 <lamp places and on higher grounds, reaching a height of 

 30^0 ft. Beautiful at every stage, its habit adapts it to 

 both informal and formal planting, in the hatter respect 

 particularly to street and park planting, under which 

 cf>nditions it succeeds well. One of the most ^'aluable 



LIRIODENDRON 



trees in cultivation in the middle and southern states; 

 its lack of hardiness farther n..i lli fcrliids its use there. 

 It is free from insects and dis.-as.s. an. I is said to with- 

 stand salt air. Its resin res.-niMi s iIm- h([nid sturax of 

 the Orient. It is propagated by secils, which should be 

 stratified as soon as ripe, many of them lying dormant 

 until the second year. It requires close pruning when 

 transplanted. 



styraciflua, Linn. Sweet Gum. Bilsted. Star- 

 i.KAVED or Red Gum. Allio.\tor Tree. A native tree, 

 80-140 ft. high: lvs. simple, alternate, generally rounded 

 in outline, deeply and palmately 5-7-lobed, serrate, aro- 

 inatii'. (hciduous, glabrous below except a pubescence 

 in till' ;ixils of the veins; lobes triangular-ovate, acute; 

 petioles G-7 in. long, slender: lis. apetalous, monoecious, 

 in globular heads, the staminate heads greenish, M in. 

 in diameter, in terminal racemes, the pistillate heads 

 solitary, long-peduncled, at length drooping, 1-1 ;^ in. in 

 diameter, hanging all winter: staminate fls. have no 

 calyx, but numerous stamens intermixed with snijill 

 scales; pistillate fls. cohere as to their ovaries, forming 

 globular heads which harden in the fruit, having scales 

 for sepals, 4 rudimentary anthers and 2-celled ovaries, 

 1-2-seeded: capsules 2-beaked at the summit, forming 

 together a dense spinose head. March-JIav. Conn, and 

 southern N. Y. to Pla., 111., Mo. and Mex.' G.F. 2:2.35. 

 P.G. 3:111. G.C. II. 14:633. Mn. 4:117. Gn. 24, pp. 1611, 

 167 and 38, p. 208. 



i.ortra((}Ks.Mill.(L.iinberbis,Ait.). A tree of Asia Minor. 

 Very similar to L. styraciflua and dififering iu that tlie lvs. are 

 smooth in the axils of the vei 



A. Phelps Wvman. 



LIQUORICE. See Gli/cyrrhi. 



LIRIODENDRON {lirion. lily, and rffnrf»v))i, tree; re- 

 ferring to the shape of the flowers |. Maijnoliitcev. 

 Tulip Tree. Whitewood. Yellow Poplar. Hardy 

 ornamental, deciduous tree of pyramidal habit, with al- 

 ternate, long-petioled, rather large lvs. of unusual shape, 

 and large tulip-like greenish yellow fls. appearing in 

 spring. A very beautiful tree for park-planting and for 

 avenues, with handsome, clean foliage of rather light 

 bluish green appearance, rarely attacked by insects or 

 fungi, assuming in fall a brilliant yellow color; the fls., 

 though of not very showy color, are conspicuous by their 

 size and shape. The Tulip Tree is also an important 

 forest tree, and the soft, fine-grainefl. light yellow wood 

 is much used in carpentry for furniture, boat-building and 

 the manufacture of small articles: it does not split easily 

 but is readily worked and bent to any required shape. The 

 inner bark is said to have medical properties. The Tulip 

 Tree grows best in deep, rich and somewhat moist soil. 

 Transplanting is not easy; it is best done in spring, 

 .iust before the tree starts into new growth. Prop, by 

 seeds sown in fall or stratified and sown in spring; va- 

 rieties are usually grafted or budded on seedling stock, 

 rarely prop, by layers. The seeds are sometimes hol- 

 low, especially those grown along the eastern limit of 

 the species. One species in N. America from R. I. and 

 Vt. to Wis., south to Fla. and Miss.; also occurring in 

 China. Lvs. with conspicuous deciduous stipules co- 

 hering when yoimg and inclosing the next leaf: fls. 

 terminal, solitary, with 3 spreading sepals and 6 erect, 

 broadly ovate petals; stamens numerous, with long and 

 linear anthers; pistils numerous, forming a narrow 

 column, developing into a light brown cone, at maturity 

 the carpels, each consisting of a long, narrow wing with 

 a 1-2-seeded nutlet at the base, separate from the slen- 

 der spindle. The Liriodendron is one of the noblest 

 trees of the American forest. 



Tulipifera, Linn. Fig. 1302. Tall tree, to 150, rarely 

 to 190 ft., with a trunk to 10 ft. in diam., often destitute 

 of branches for a considerable height, glabrous : lvs. 

 about as broad as long, with 2 lobes at the truncate and 

 notched apex and 2-4 lobes at the base, bluish green 

 above, pale or glaucous beneath, 5-6 in. long: fls. green- 

 ish yellow, marked orange within at the base, l!^-2 in. 

 long. May, June. S.S. 1:13. Em. 2:605. B.M.275. Gng. 

 7:259. A. G. 1892:485. Mn. 2, p. 4; 6, p. 145. Gn. 34, p. 

 42. V. 20:86. — Var. pyramidile. Lav. (var. fastiglAtum. 

 Hort.). With upright bram-hes. forming a narrow pyr- 

 amid. Var. integrifdlium, Kirchn. Lvs. rounded at the 



