LITHR^A 



LIVISTONA 



933 



petiole narrow-winged ; Ifts. 2-3 in. long, glabrous, 

 with small panicles of greenish yellow fls. and almost 

 white drupes 1-2 lines in diam. Brazil. 



J. B. S. Norton. 



IiITTONIA (Dr. Samuel Litton, professor of botany 

 in Royal Dublin Society). JjillAcete. Littonia and 

 Gloriosa are called Climbing Lilies. They are tender, 

 tuberous plants, with glossy, lanceolate Ivs. which curl 

 at the tips into tendrils, enabling the plants to reach 

 6-8 ft. The fls. are 6-parted, but in Littonia the seg- 

 ments are not reflesed like a Cyclamen, as in Gloriosa. 

 Fls. nodding, bell-shaped, orange, 1 in. or more across; 

 segments oblong, ac\iminate, IM in. long: capsule long, 

 3-celled; seeds scarlet, about the size of a sweet pea, 

 round, arranged in 2 series. The odd-shaped tubers are 

 about 1% in. across and may be planted outdoors in May. 

 There are 4 species, 1 from Arabia, 1 from S. Africa 

 and 2 from tropical Africa. 



mod6sta, Hook. Lower Ivs. in 3's, upper ones alter- 

 nate: perianth segments provided with a small oblong 

 nectary, partially closed by a ciliated scale on each side: 

 style 3-cut. S.Africa. B.M. 4723. Var. Keitii, Hort., is 

 an improved form, with larger and more abundant fls. 

 John Endicott and W. M. 



LIVE - FOREVER. Sedum Telephium and other 

 Sedums^ 



LIVERLEAF. ffepntica. 



LIVERWORT. A general name for a group of cryp- 

 togamia (flowerless plants), somewhat allied to mosses 

 and known as Hepaticse. Conocephalus and Marchantia 

 have been offered by dealers in native plants as suitable 

 for rockwork and bog gardens. Lunularia is a common 

 weed in greenhouses. 



LIVING ROCK. VonsuU Anhalonium. 



LIVISTONA (P.itrick Murray, Baron of Livistone). 

 Palmdeece. About 14 species of fan palms from tropical 

 eastern Asia, Malaya and Australia. Trunks usually 

 tall, stout, ringed below, clothed above with dead leaf- 

 sheaths: Ivs. spreading, orbicular, plicate, split to the 

 middle or below; the segments bifid, infolded, naked or 

 fibrous along the margins ; rachis 

 short; ligule small, cordate, free; pe- 

 tiole long, stout, flat or rounded above, 

 convex below, often spiny along the 

 margins; sheaths margined with re- 

 ticulate fibers : spadices long, at first 

 ascending, pendent in fruit, long- 

 peduncled, loosely branched, the 

 branches slender: spathesmany, long, 

 tubular, compressed, sheathing the 

 peduncle, thick, coriaceous, bifid or 

 2-lipped, 2-keeled or ancipital : no 

 bracts or bractlets: fls. greenish: fr. 

 smooth and shining, oblong-globose or 

 ellipsoidal, black, blue, yellow or 

 brown. 



From the seven allied genera men- 

 tioned under Licuala, Livistona is dis- 

 tinguished by the following charac- 

 ters: fls. hermaphrodite: carpels of 

 the ovary globose, distinct or slightly 

 cohering : styles short, distinct or co- 

 hering: albumen not twisted, broadly 

 scooped out on the ventral side : 

 branches of the spadices not bracted 

 or the lower ones bracted. 



A. Li's. g!aneous beneath. 

 Jenldnsiana, Griff. Lvs. 5-6 ft. broad, renifonn, flabel- 

 late, 70-80-fid, glaucous beneath, the divisions very nar- 

 row, straight, shortly and obtusely 2 toothed. Assam. 



AA. Zivs. not glaucous beneath. 



B. Petioles without spines. 



Woddfordii, Ridley. Petioles slender, without thorns, 



only yin. thii-k : lvs. orbicular, quite thin, 2 ft. long, 



IS in. wide, split into very narrow acuminate lobes, the 



lower ones free almost to the base, the inner ones split 



only one-fourth of the way down: spadices very slender, 

 the short slender branches protruding from the mouths 

 of tubular brown sheaths: drupe globose, % in. in diam., 

 bright red. Polynesia. First described in G.C. IIL 

 23:177. — Nearly related to Zi. anstralis, but more grace- 

 ful, with smallei flowers and fruit. 



BB. Petioles spiny below the middle. 

 c. Length of spines ^in. or less. 



olivaefdrmis, Mart. {Cor^pha Gebdnga, Hort., in part). 

 Stems medium : lvs. glabrous ; petiole somewhat 3- 

 angled; spines retrorse, 1-3 lines long; segments 12-15 

 in. long, deeply bilobed, the lobes very long, acuminate, 

 linear, pendent, with or without very short filaments: 

 fr. olive-shaped, solitary, or twin and connate to the 

 middle. Brazil. 



CC. Length of spines 1 in. or more. 

 D. Shape of lvs. reniform. 



Chinfinsis, R. Br. {Latdnia Borbdnica, Hort., not 

 Lam.). Stem 6 ft. high, more than 1 ft. thick, gray, with 

 approximate rings : lvs. many; petiole equaling the 

 blade, covered to about the middle with retrorse brown 

 spines, 1 in. or more long ; blade reniform, 4-6 ft. in 

 diam.; segments linear- lanceolate, long- pendulous, 

 deeply forked, filiferous, the lower 1-2 ft. long, 1-2 in. 

 wide, the middle 3 ft. long, the lobes acuminate, 4-8 in. 

 long. China. 



DD. Shape of lvs. orbicular. 



rotundifdlia. Mart. ( Vhamcurops Blrob, Sieb. C. Byr- 

 r7id,Hort.). Stem 40-50 ft.high, 1-lK ft. in diam., erect 

 or subflexuous, brownish black, obscurely ringed ; petiole 

 6 ft., with recurved spines 1% in. long at the base; blade 

 3-5 ft. in diam., suborbicular, at length somewhat peltate 

 through reversion of the lowest lobes ; segments 60-90, 

 connate for one-third their length, bifid to the middle, 

 the lobes long-acuminate. Java. B.B. 21:110. F.R, 

 1:301. S.H.2:28. 



BBB. Petioles spiny from base to apex. 

 E. Segments of the lvs. free one-third of the way down, 



altissima, Zoll. Lvs. bright shining green, lK-2 ft. 

 long; segments free one-third of the way down, bifid at 

 the apex; petiole 2-6 ft., upper part green, brown toward 

 the base, inclosed in a reddish brown network of woody 





1305. Livistona humil 



fibers, armed on the margins with stout black recurved 

 spines. Java. 



EE. Segments free nearly to the base. 

 F. Position of segments rigid, not drooping. 

 austr&lis, Mart. {Cor^pha austr&lis, R. Br.). Stems 

 40-80 ft. high : lvs. in a dense crown, orbicular 3-4 ft. in 

 diam., divided to or below the middle into 40-50 narrow, 

 plicate, acuminate segments, either entire or 2-cIeft at 

 the apex. Australia. B.M. 6274. Gn. 26, p. 337. V. 9:328. 



