LYCIUM 



LYCOPERSICUM 



often slender and sarmentose stems and with alternate 

 or fascicled, short-petioled, entire Ivs. ; the whitish violet 

 or purple fls. are funnelforra and appear in axillary clus- 

 ters or solitary, and are followed by usually very decora- 

 tive berries of scarlet or red, rarely yellow or black. 

 Most of the species are tender, but L. kaUmi folium, It. 

 Chinense, a.nd also L.Turcoma7Uci(}}i and 1j. J^uthttiicum 

 are hardy North. The two first named are especially 

 attractive in fall, when the long and slender branches 

 are loaded with scarlet or bright red frs., which contrast 

 well with the green foliage. The leaves remain fresh 

 and unchanged in color until they drop, after severe 

 frost. The species are well adapted for covering walls, 

 fences, arbors and other trellis work, but are, perhaps, 

 most beautiful when the branches are pendent from 

 rocks or from the top of walls. They are also used some- 

 times for hedges, and for warmer regions especially 

 i. Afrum may be recommended. It is much used in 

 S. Africa for this purpose under tha name of Caffir 

 Thorn. The Box Thorns grow in almost any soil that is 

 not too moist. They should not be planted near flower 

 beds or similar places, where the suckers are apt to be- 

 come troublesome. Prop, readily by hardwood cuttings 

 or suckers; also by layers and seeds. About 70 species 

 distributed through the temperate and subtropical re- 

 gions of both hemispheres. Lvs. mostly rather small, 

 often fleshy: fls. axillary, solitary or clustered; calyx 

 campanulate, ;i-5-toothed ; corolla f unnelform, with usu- 

 ally 5-lobed limb; stamens mostly 5: fr. a berry, with 

 few to many seeds. 



A. I/vs. rather large : corolla 5-lobed, dull purplish. 



hallmifdlium, Mill. {L. vuUj(lre, Dun. L. fhiccidum, 

 Koch ) . Shrub, with long and slender, spiny or unarmed 

 branches, recurving or sarmentose, glabrous : lvs. cune- 

 ate, narrow, oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, grayish 

 green, 1/^-2 in. long: fls. 1-4, long-pedicelled; corolla 

 ^ in. across, limb about as long as tube; filaments hir- 

 sute at the base: fr. oval, orange-red or sometimes yel- 

 low, to K in. long. May-Sept. China to S. E. Eu. Gn.31, 

 p. 334 and 34, p. 63. B.B. 3:138.- This species and also 

 the following are often confounded with L.Europwum 

 and L. Barbarum, which are chiefly distinguished by 

 the filaments being glabrous at the base, by the longer 

 lube and by the narrower and smaller lvs. They are not 



t^ain.long, ^^^^.^ 

 and yel- ^^ 

 tside, limb ^7^^ 



hardy North and are rare in cultivation, while L. halimi- 

 folium and the following are hardy. 



Chin^nse, Mill. Similarto the former, of more vigorous 

 growth: branches to 12 ft. long: lvs. ovate to lanceolate, 

 bright green, lH-3 in. : fls. somewhat larger: fr. scarlet 

 or bright orange-red, ovate to oblong, sometimes almost 

 lin. long. Juue-Sept. China. U.F. 4:102. -The larger 

 fruited form is some- 

 times distinguished 

 as var. megistoc&r- 

 pum, Hort. {var. ma- 

 crocdrpiim, Hort). 



AA. Jjvs. small, ^4 

 in. long or shorter. 



Chilfense, Bert 

 Shrub, with slender, 

 often procumbent 

 and mostly spineless 

 branches: lvs. cune- 

 ate at base, oblong, 

 glandular - pubescent 

 on both sides, grayish 

 green, ya-% in. long: 

 fls. usually solitary; 

 pedicels longer than 

 the 5-lobed, whitish 

 pubescent calyx; co- 

 rollaabout ' 

 pubescent 

 lowish outsid 

 5-lobed, purplish 

 within, about as long 

 as tube: fr. orange- 

 red. July-Oct. Chile. 

 — The grayish color 

 and glandular pubes- 

 cence gives the foli- 

 age a frosted appear- 

 ance. Int. 19U0 by 

 Franceschi, Santa 

 Barbara, Calif. 



Richii, Gray. Shrub, with slender spiny branches 

 lvs. short-petioled, cuneate, obovate, obtuse, glabrous 

 or minutely puberulous when young, about K in. long 

 fls. usually 2-3; calyx as long as pedicels, with elongated 

 teeth ; corolla % in. long, tube longer than 4-lobed limb 

 fr. globular, bright red, i^in. across. May-Sept. S.Calif, 



hdrridum, Thunb. Erect, spiny, much-branched shrub 

 to 3 ft., glabrous : lvs. sessile, spatulate, glabrous, 

 about ^4 in. long : fls. short-pedicelled, small, whitish, 

 with rather slender tube and 3-4-lobed limb. S. Afr.— 

 As I have seen no specimens of the plant in trade under 

 this name, I am not sure whether it is the true L. horri- 

 dum of Thunberg described above, or perhaps i. Afrunij 

 which is much used In S. Africa for hedges; the latter 

 is easily distinguished by its large purple fls. 



L. Afrum, Linn. Upright, rigid, spiny: lvs. linear-spatulate, 

 small: ris. soUtary, tubular, with short limb, purple. 1 in. long. 

 N. and S. Afr. B.R. 5:3M. S.B. E.G. H. 4:3-24.— i. Bar&art/m, 

 Linn. Spiny or unarmed slender shrub. Similar to L. halimi- 

 folium: fls. 3-6; tube inside and filaments at base glabrous, tube 

 longer than limb. N. Afr. — L. Eitropceum, Linn. (L. Mediter- 

 raneum, Dun.). Spiny shrub, with spreading branches 

 spatulate, thickish: fls. short-pedicelled. with the slender tube 

 much longer than limb. Mediter. region. — LJuchsio\des,Y{BK. 

 ^lochroma fnchsioides.— i>. ovatum. Bun, (L. rhombifolium 

 Dipp.). Allied to L. Chinense. Lvs. rhombic-ovate: fr. oblong, 

 large , with concave apes. — L. pallidum., Miers. Spiny spreading 

 shrub, to 3 ft.: lvs. spatulate, glaucous. 1-2 in. long; fls. pedi- 

 celled, pale greenish purple, fiinnelform, almost 1 in. long: fr. 

 globular, bright red. Ariz, and Utah to Mexico. G.F. 1:341 

 Has proved hardy in the Arnold Arboretum. — L. Euthenicum 

 Miirr. Upright spiny shrub: lvs. linear, small, thick: fls. small 

 with rather long tube: fr. globular, black. — L. Turcomdnicum. 

 Turcz. Slender spiny shnib. allied to L. halimifolium: lvs. and 

 fls. smaller, tube more slender and longer: fr. globular. Turke 

 Stan, N. China. — L. snbglbbosuin. Dun. Allied to L. halimi' 

 folium, dwarfer, more erect, less spiny: lvs. smaller: fr. subglo' 

 bose, small. S. Europe. ALFRED Rehder. 



LYCOPERSICUM { wolf peach ; probably an allusion to 

 its inferiority as compared with the peach). Solandcece, 

 Tomato. Perhaps nearly a dozen herbs of the western 

 side of S. America, two of which are in common cultiva- 



1336. Leaves of Tomatoes. 



1, L If coper sicum escxdentum, var. 



grandifolixun. 



2, var. vulgare; 3, cross of the two. 



