244 



CARDIANDRA 



CAREX 



petiole, coarsely serrate, sparsely pilose, membrana- 

 ceous, 3-7 in. long : fls. white, tinged red. Summer. 

 S Z. 66, 67. Alfred Rehder. 



CARDINAL FLOWER. LnheJia 



CARDOON (Ciindra Cnr(ii(»c»?H.'i, Linn. ). A thistle- 

 like phtnt <tf southern Europe, cult, for the thick leaf- 

 stalk and luidrib. It is thought to be of the same spe- 

 cies as the artichoke, and to have been developed from 

 it by long cultivation and selection. The plant has been 

 introduced into South America, and has run wild exten- 

 sively on the pampas. Darwin writes that "no culti- 

 vated plant has run wild on so enormous a scale as the 

 Cardoon." Prom the artichoke it differs in taller and 

 more prickly growth and smaller heads. The Cardoon 

 is perennial, but it is not hardy, and is treated as an 

 annual. Seeds are sown in spring, either in pots under 

 glass or in the open where the plants are to stand. 

 The later sowing is usually preferred. The plants are 

 given rich soil and should have abundant moisture sup- 

 ply, for they must make continuous and strong growth. 

 When the Icmvos nrn nearly full grown, they are tied to- 

 gether niNir llic lii|'. ^Ii-aw is piled arounil tin- In'ad, and 

 earth is liMlil...! ;i:,';iinst it. This is to l.bilKll till- )ilant. 

 fur it is iiii-.lil.lr ui.lrss so treated. Fn.ni two to four 

 weeks is requireil fnr tlie blanching. The procedure is 

 not very unlike that adopte*! for the blanching of celery 

 or endive. If the ]>lants :u-e late, they may be dug just 

 before frost and blanched in a storage pit. The plants 

 are usually grown from 2-3 ft. apart in rows which are 

 4 ft. apart. They are sometimes grown in trenches, after 

 the old manner of growing celery. Cardoon is almost 

 unknown in America, except amongst foreigners. 



L. H. B. 



CARDUUS. For C. benedictns, see Carbenia. 



CAREX (name of obscure origin). Ct/j)erAce(F. 

 SEixiE. Hundreds of grass-like plants in temjicrate cli- 

 mates. Fls. unisexual, in spikes, the staminate naked 

 and subtended by a bract or scale, the pistillate com- 

 prising a single pistil enclosed in a thin sac or perigyn- 

 ium. The two sexes may be in the same or separate 

 spikes; and rarely they are on different plants (plant 

 dioecious). Carices are very abundant in I'l.nl tiin])erate 

 regions, both in species and in individtnil jilants. JIany 

 of them grow on dry land, but tire hiri;i-st species grow 

 in low grounds and swalis. uthI uftin form much of the 

 bulk of bog hay (Fig. 3110;. 'I'li.- sprcies are very diffi- 

 cult to distinguish becausi' ili.v air very similar, and 

 the stud\ "f fhi ni is usn illv lift ti. spi-ciajists. Some of 

 our bioiil li iMil nitiM s],;.ri,.s make i\ri-II. lit bnnlers 

 inii iiitmstm^ i liiiiiiis in i-iirners about liiiililiiii;s and 

 iliin„ w UN M iii\ ot the lowland species are excellent 

 idiuni t^ til tin pond of hardy aquatics. Others have 

 ver-y j.,1 n etui fmins, with drooping spikes and slender 

 iulms(Fig iiil 1 Thi following native species have been 



359. Balloon Vine - 

 Cardiospermum Halicacab 



CARDI0SP£RMUM (Greek, luHirt-sei-il, from the 

 white heart-shaped spot on the round black seed; hence 

 the plant was thought a cure for heart diseases). Sa- 

 pinddcew. Thirty tropical American species of climbing 

 herbs, with alternate, biternate Ivs., coarsely serrate 

 Ifts., and small white fls. in axillary racemes or corymbs. 

 The most popular is the interesting Balloon Vine, which 

 is a rapid-growing, tender annual, curious for its in- 

 flated seed-vessels. 



HalicAcabum, Linn. Fig. 359. Height, 10 ft. : stem 

 and hrani'liis grooved: balloons an inch or more thick. 

 E. and W. Imliis. B.M. 1049.-A general favorite, es- 

 pecially with children. W. M. 



hl/'.ti 



il Ir 



rhi 



fla 



Gr 



-.JS"— 



uti tLUlata, vulpmoidea 

 the Amer trade 



■<l>iiir,iliil.t. lurida, 

 ,,,,„,.,. !'s.,„l..-Cy- 

 iriii. TiirleriiHnii. 

 ring species are in 



362. Carex Morrowi. 



M6rrowi, Boott. (C Japuiiiea, Hort., not Thunb. 

 ;. tenuisaima, Hort. C. acutifdlia, Hort.). Fig. 362. 



