CELTIS 



orange-red, Hin. long, on slender pedicel, longer than the 

 petiole. S.S.7:317. (i.P. 3:-10,43. Em. 304. Mn. 7:231, 

 233. — Very variable specie.s. Var. crassifdlia, C. Koch, 

 has firm, very rough and large Ivs.. to 6 in. long, usually 

 cordate at base. Miebx. Hist. Arb. 3: 228. Var. ptimila, 

 Gray, is a dwarf form with smaller Ivs. 



austr&Us, Linn. Tree, to 60 ft.: Ivs. oblique, cordate 

 or rounded at the base, ovate oblong, acuminate, pubes- 

 ceut beneath, 2H-5 in. long: fr. over Xin. long, dark 

 purple, sweet : pedicels 2-3 times longer than the peti- 

 oles. Mediter. region to Persia.— Not hardy north. 



BB. Foliage smooth and glossy above, glabrous or 

 nearly so, leathery. 



Sinensis, Pers. (C. ^^(ipdniM, Planch.). Tree,to30 ft.: 

 Ivs. usually rounded or cordate at the base, broadly ovate 

 to oblong ovate, acuminate, serrate-dentate, pubescent 

 when young, pale or glaucescentand prominently reticu- 

 late beneath, 2-4 in. long : fr. dull orange-red ; pedicels 

 rather stout, not much longer than the petioles. China, 

 Japan. — Not hardy north ; often the following is culti- 

 vated under this name. 



Bungeina, Hlume {C. DavidiAna, Carr.). Tree: Ivs. 

 narrow or rounded at the base, ovate or narrow elliptic, 

 acuminate, crenate-serrate, nearly glabrous when young, 

 green and shining on both sides, 2-4 in.: fr. purplish 

 black, small : pedicels 2-3 times longer than the petioles. 

 N. China. — Hardy, and a very distinct species, with dark 

 green and glossy foliage. 



KraussiElna, Bernh. Tree : Ivs. oblong ovate, usually 

 rounded at the base, acuminate, crenate-serrate, pubes- 

 cent on the veins beneath, semipersistent: ovary tomen- 

 lose: fr. mostly pubescent, slender pedicelled. S.Africa 

 to Abyssinia. - Hardy only south. ^^^^^^ Rehder. 



CEMETERY. See Landscape Gardening. 



CfiNCHRUS (ancient Greek name). Graminew. An- 

 nual or perennial grasses, with spreading or erect culms 

 bearing an inllorescence of globular, spiny burs. Spik- 

 iets 1-rtd., 1-4 together, with an ovoid or globular invo- 

 lucre of rigid, more or less connate bristles, forming 

 spiny burs, which fall off at maturity. Glumes as in 

 Panicum, awnless. Species about 12, in the tropical and 

 warmer temperate regions of both hemispheres. 



tribuloides, Linn. Sand-bur. Bur-grass. Culms 

 ascending, branching, 1-2 ft. long, with spikes composed 

 of 10-li) coarse, spiny burs, which readily attach them- 

 selves to passing objects. It is one of the worst of annual 

 weeds wherever it becomes abundant. It is distributed 

 more or less throughout the United States in sandy dis- 

 tricts, and said to be perennial in the southern states. 

 P. B. Kennedy. 



C£NIA (Greek for empty, in allusion to the hollow 

 receptacle). Compiisitcr. Low herbs from South Africa, 

 with the aspect of INIayweed. Head small and rayed, the 

 ray rts. pistillate, the disc tls. compressed and 4-toothed, 

 the receptacle gradually enlarged from the top of the 

 peduncle, and hollow. C. turbin&ta, Pers., is a common 

 weed in Cape Colony, and it is occasionally seen in Amer. 

 gardens. It is annual, diifusely branched, and a foot or 

 less high, with finely dissected, soft, almost moss-like 

 foliage, and long-peduncled, small, yellow heads. Of 

 easy culture. L. H. B. 



CENTAURfiA (a Centaur, famous for healing). 

 Composito'. Centaury. Dusty Miller. Bac'Helob'.s 

 Button. Corn Flower. Knapweed. Annuals or 

 half-hardy perennials ; fine for bedding, vases, liaskets 

 and pots, and for borders and edgings. Differs from 

 Cnicus in having the achenes obliquely attached by one 

 side of the base or more laterally. Species about 400, 

 much confused, mostly in Eu., Asia and N. Afr., 1 in 

 N. Amer., 3 or 4 in Chile. The involucre is ovoid or 

 globose, stiff and hard, sometimes prickly. Receptacle 

 bristly. The marginal florets are usually sterile and 

 elongated, making the head look as if rayed. Several 

 Old World species have become weeds in this country. 



The following species of Centaurea are here described, 

 the synonyms being in italics : Americana, 7 ; argen- 

 tea, 2 ; atropurpurea, 13 ; Babylonica, 14 ; Benedicta = 



18 



CENTAUREA 



273 



Carbenia benedicta; calocephala, 13; candidissima, 1 

 Cineraria, 1 ; Clementei, 3 ; Cyanus, 4 ; dealbata, 12 

 deelinata, 10; flore-pleno,i; gymnocarpa, 2; imperialis 

 5; leucophylla, 10; macrocephala, 8 ; Margaritacea, 6 

 Margarita', 5; montana, 11; moschata, .5; nigra, 9; odor^ 

 ata, .5 ; pliimosa, 2 ; splendens, 6 ; suaveolens, 5; varle' 

 gata, 9 : Victoria, 4. 



a. Dusty Mii,i,ES.— White-tomentose low plants, used 

 for bedding or for the sak'. of their foliage. 

 1. Cineraria, Linn. (C.candtdKsima, Lam.). Fig. 404. 

 Perennial : sts. erect, 3 ft., brarched, the entire plant 

 white-tomentose : Ivs. almost all bipinuate (except the 

 earliest), the lower petioled, all tie lobes linear-lanceo- 

 late, obtuse : scales of the ovate involucre appressed, 

 with a membranous black margin, long-oiliate, the api- 

 cal bristle thicker than the others: fls. purple. S. Italy, 

 Sicily, etc. — Much used as 

 a bedding plant, not being 

 allowed to bloom. The 

 first Ivs. of seedlings are 

 nearly entire (as shown in 

 Pig. 404), but the subse- 

 quent ones become more 

 and more cut. Grown both 

 from seeds and cuttings. 

 Seedlings are very apt to 

 damp off unless care is 

 taken in watering. 



t04. Lower leaf 

 from a young 

 plant of Cen- 

 taurea Cinera- 

 ria (X H). 



405. Radical leaf of 

 Centaurea Rymnocarpa. 



2. gymnocArpa, Moris & DeNot (C. argintea, Hort. 

 C. plumbsa.'HoTt.). Pig. 405. Perennial: entire plant 

 covered with velvety white pubescence : sts. lK-2 ft. 

 high, erect: Ivs. bipinnatisect; segments linear, entire, 

 acute : S. -heads small, in a close panicle, mostly hidden 

 by the Ivs.: fls. rose-violet or purple. Caprea. — Very 

 ornamental on account of its velvety finely cut Ivs, 

 Much used, like the last, for low foliage bedding ; Ivs, 

 more compoitnd, and usually not so white. 



3. Clementei, Boiss. Perennial, the entire plant 

 densely white-woolly : sts. erect, branching, with few 

 Ivs. : root-lvs. petioled, pinnate, the lobes ovate-trian- 

 gular, sharp-pointed : St. -Ivs. sessile : fl. -heads termi- 

 nal on the branches, globose : involucre scales with 

 scarious, ciliate margins, scarcely spiny : fls. yellow. 

 Spain. 



AA. Corn Flower, or Bachelor's Button. — TaU- 

 growing annual, with very narrow Ivs., grown 

 for the showy fls. 



4. Cyanus, Linn. Bluebottle. Blitet. Bachelor's 

 Button (see also (?o»ip7!r«ia). Corn Flower Ragged 

 Sailor. Fig. 400. Annual, slender, branching, 1-2 ft. 



