CENTAUREA 



11. montflna, Linn. Mountain Bluet. Perennial : 

 sts. low, stolonit'erous, unbranched, 12-16 or rarely 20 

 in. high : Ivs. decurrent, the young ones silvery white, 

 oval-lance-shaped : involucre of 4 or 5 rows of scales, 

 blackciliate along the margins; fls. blue, the marginal 

 ones 1 in. long, disc-fls. verv short, becoming purple. 

 Europe. B. M. 77. Var. Alba^ Hort. Fls. white. Var. 

 rbsea, Hort. Pis. rose-colored. Var. citrlna, DC. (var. 

 sulphurea, Hort.). Disc-fls. brown, rays yellow. Ar- 

 menia. B.M. 1175. 



CEPHALANTHUS 



275 



cc. stems 



cf, simple or branched. 



Centaurea Amen 

 cana(X h)- 



12. dealbata, Willd. Perennial : sts. sub-erect, 8-24 



in. high : Ivs. white-villous beneath, glabrous above, 



the lower ones 1-1% ft. long, pet- 



1 - 1 led, pinnate, the obovate lobes 



^ irsely cut-toothed or auricled at 



^ III base; stem-lvs. sessile, pinnate, 



w ith oblong-lance lobes: fl.-head 



'solitary, just above the uppermost 



leif : fls. red, those of the disc 



rosy or white : outer scales of the 



mvolucre with lanceolate tips, the 



middle rounded, deeply fringed, 



(.iliate. Asia I\linor, Persia. 



13. atropurpiirea, Waldst. & Kit. 

 (t calocfphiila, Willd.). Peren- 

 ni-il : sts. erect, branched, about 

 2-3 ft. higii, the branches white- 

 woollj' at the summit : Ivs. bipin- 

 nate, lobes liriear-lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate ; lowest Ivs. petioled, upper- 

 most pinnatifld: fl. -heads without 

 bracts ; invol. scales with fringed 

 ciliate white lanceolate tips, the innermost ones rounded, 

 scarious-margined : fls. black-purple. Hungary. 



14. Babyl6nica, Linn. Silvery white perennial : sts. 

 simple, stout, erect, (i-lO or 12 ft. high : Ivs. long, coria- 

 ceous, strongly decurrent on the stem, the radical lyrate, 

 the lower stem-lvs. oval or oblong-acute, entire or undu- 

 late, the upper lance-acute : fla. yellow, the globular 

 heads almost sessile in the axils of narrow bract-like 

 Ivs.; ^i-K of the stem flower-bearing: involucre-scales 

 with a short, recurved tip. Asia Minor, Syria. Gn.2,p.73: 

 8, p. 263. E. H. 18.59, pp. 540-1. -Tall, stout and striking 



P'*°'- Jared Cx. Smith and L. H. B. 



CENTAUEtDIUM. See Xanthismu. 



CENTRADfiNIA( Greek for f()o«if<; ,j>aiid, alluding to 

 the anther glands). Melastonuicea-. Four species in 

 Mexico and Central Amer. , grown in warmhouses for 

 their showy-colored Ivs. and pretty fls. They are herbs 

 or shrubs, with angled or winged branches, petiolate, 

 opposite lanceolate or ovate-entire, ribbed ivs., and fls. 

 with 4-lobed calyx, 4 petals, 8 stamens, and a 4-loculed 

 ovary. The blossoms are pink or white, in axillary or 

 terminal clusters. Prop, by cuttings. Very showy and 

 desirable plants. Stems often colored. Centradenias 

 like rich leaf-mold with sharp sand, and brisk heat. 

 Give a light but shady position. Strong plants are much 

 benefited by liquid manure, and such applications give 

 better colors in both flowers and fruit. Monogr. by 

 Cogniaux. DC, Monographiae Phanerogamarum, 7: 116. 



^andifolia, Endl. Branches 4-winged : Ivs. ovate- 

 lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, brilliant red beneath, 

 long-pointed and curving at the end: cymes many-tid., 

 shorter than the ivs., the fls. light rose, rotate, the 

 petals very obtuse, the stamens unequal. B.M. 5228.— 

 The plant grows 2 ft. high, and blooms in winter. Very 

 showy. The cut branches hold their color a long time, 

 making the plant useful for decorations. 



floribiinda. Planch. Branches obscurely angled, pu- 

 bescent, red: Ivs. narrow-lanceolate, tapering below, 3- 

 nerved, red-nerved below : fls. pink, in terminal pani- 

 cles. l''.S. 5:453. — Smaller than C. grandifolia. 



inaequilaterilis, G. Don (C. roseo, Lindl.). Lvs. ovate- 

 lanceolate, unequal-sided, entire, ciliate, reddish be- 

 neath: fls pink, in terminal corjnnbose racemes: dwarf. 

 Mes. B.R. 29:20. L. H. B. and H. A. Siebeecht. 



CENTRANTHUS [ijreek, spurred flower), falerian- 

 <)ce(r. A few annual and perennial herbs of the Medi- 

 terranean region, with dense clusters of small red or 

 white fls. terminating the branches, and opposite entire 

 or cut lvs.: calyx cut into 5-15 narrow divisions, en- 

 larging after flowering; corolla slender-tubed, 5-parted, 

 spurred at the base; stamen 1: fls. with a pappus-like 

 crest. Of easiest culture. 



riiber, DC. Red Valerian. Jupiter's Beakd. Per- 

 ennial, 1-3 ft., smooth and glaucous, forming a compact 

 and floriferous, bushy plant ; lvs. ovate to lanceolate, 

 some of them toothed at base: fls. very numerous, deep 

 crimson. — A very handsome old garden plant, too much 

 neglected. It blooms all summer. Excellent for cut- 

 ting. Increased by division; also by seeds. There is a 

 white-fld. form (var. rillnis). 



macroslphon, Boiss. Annual, of easy culture in any 

 good soil: 1-2 ft.; lvs. ovate, glaucous, toothed: fls. 

 larger than in the last, red. Spain. — There are white- 

 fld. (var. dlbus) and dwarf (var. ndnns) forms. Excel- 

 lent for rockeries and borders; also good for lawn vases. 



L. H. B. 



CENTEOPdGON (Greek kentron. spur, and pogon, 

 l)i_':ir<l, nfninig t<i the fringed stigma). Campanti- 

 h}':<',r . ^VlMtut .'it; ti-ujiical Amer. sub-shrubs or shrubs, 

 often .scaiideiit, witli alternate, mostly dentate Ivs., and 

 long, tubular fls. wliich are violet, purple, red, or orange, 

 and usually liornr singly on long peduncles: bracteoles 

 very small or wanting. Warmhouse perennial, prop, by 

 cuttings. 



Lucyanus, Houllet. Height 1-2 ft. : stem somewhat 

 woody; lvs. short-petioled. finely toothed: fls. rose, win- 

 ter; hemispherical, with hmct'olate segments recurved 

 at the tips. E.H. 1868 :2'.ill.~ Said to be a hybrid of C. 

 fastiwsits and Siphocfimjiiihis helulwformis, but seems 

 to show little influence of the latter, which has longer 

 petioles and peduncles, more coarsely toothed lvs., 

 longer calyx-segments, and a yellow-tipped corolla. 



fastudsus, Scheidw. Lvs. peach-like, oblong, acute, 

 bordered with glandular teeth, very glabrous, short- 

 petioled: fls. rose-colored, winter ; calyx hemispherical, 

 with 5 lanceolate, denticulate segments. Mex. R.H. 

 1853:181. W. M. 



CENTROSfiMA (Greek, spiirred-standard). Legii- 

 mindsw. Butterfly Pe.\. Twining herbs (at least 

 those in cult.), with pinnate, 3-7-foIiolate lvs., and 

 showy white or reddish fls in the axils. Fl. papiliona- 

 ceoTis. the standard spurred on the back, the keel broad, 

 and the style bearded at the apex. Species nearly 40 in 

 tropical Amer. and 2 in V. S. 



Virginianum. Benth. Roughish, climbing, 2-6 ft.: 

 Ifts. ovate to linear, shining, stipitate : fls. 1^ in the 

 axil, 1 in. long, violet and splashed, showy: pod straight 

 and long-pointed, 4-5 in. long. Md. S., in sandy lands. 

 A.G. 13:649.- Int. to cult, many years ago, but again in- 

 troduced in 1892 (as C. grandiflorum), and much adver- 

 tised. It is a hardy and desirable perennial vine, bloom- 

 ing the first season from seed. There is a white-fld. var. 



L. H. B. 



CENTURY PLANT. Consult Agave. 



CEPHALANTHfiRA (Greek for head and anther). 

 ()rihid:'ti-iii . frilic Xcflttieie. About 10 species of small. 

 tenipi'rati-ri'gicin tirrestrial orchids, allied to Epipactis, 

 Pogonia, etc. Some of them are western N. American, 

 ahd others are European. Sepals 3: petals small, ovate: 

 lip saccate : Ivs. (sometimes wanting) lanceolate or 

 oblong: fls. mostly small (sometimes showy), in an open 

 spike. The species are scarcely known in cult., but two 

 Japanese species have been offered by importers. These 

 are E. falcata, Blume. yellow, and E. erScta, Blume, 

 white. 



CEPHALANTHUS (Greek, Mad and flower: fls. in 

 heads). liuhiileeie. Button Bush. Shrubs with oppo- 

 site or whorled, entire, stipulate lvs.: fls. small, tuliu- 

 lar, white or yellowish, 4-merous, with included stamens 

 and long, exserted style, in globular heads: fr. dry, sepa- 

 rating into 2 nutlets. Six species in Amer., Africa and 

 Asia, of which only the one North American species is 



