CHARD 



See Beet and Beta. The beet plant has given rise to two 

 general types of varieties: those varieties with thickened 

 roots (the beet of America, the beet-root of European 

 literature); and those with large and pulpy or thickened 

 leaves (but whose roots are small and woodv). The lat- 



CHEILANTHES 



289 



422. Chard. 



ter type is known under the general name of leaf-beets. 

 These leaf -beets may be ranged into three sub-groups : 

 (1) common or normal leaf -beets, or spinach beets, in 

 which the leaf-blade is large and pulpy, and is used as 

 spinach is; (2) Chard, in which the petiole and midrib 

 are very broad and thick (Fig. 422); (3) ornamental 

 beets, of which the foliage is variously colored. 



Chard is of the easiest culture. Seed is sown in 

 spring, as for common beets. The broad petioles, or 

 Chards, may be gathered from midsummer until frost. 

 These broad white .stalks or ribs are used as a pot-herb; 

 and, if desired, the leaf -blades may be cooked with them. 

 The dish is usually more attractive, however, if only the 

 Chards are cooked. This vegetable is also known as 

 Sea-kale Beet and Swiss Chard. L H B 



CHAKLOCK. Consult Brassico ; also Baphanus. 



CHASTE TKEE. See Vitex. 



CHEAT, or CHESS. Bromus. 



CHECKERBEREY. GauUheria. 



CHEESES. Vernacular for Malva rofundifolia. 



CHEILANTHES (Greek, Up-nower, alluding to the in- 

 dusium). Polypodidcew. Semi-hardy or hothouse ferns 

 of small size, often hairy or woolly, with the sori termi- 

 nal on the veins and covered with a roundish iudusium. 

 Some 60 or 70 species are known, nearly a third of 

 which are natives of the west and southwest, one spe- 

 cies as far east as Connecticut. They are of easy cul- 

 ture, enjoying a position near the glass, and disliking 

 strong, close heat and syringing or watering overhead. 



A. Lvs. pentagonal-deltoid, the indusium confined to a 

 single veinlet. 

 Califbmica. Mett. [Hypdlepis CalMrnica, Hook.). 

 Lvs. densely cespitose from a short creeping rootstock 

 2-t in. each way. on stems 4-8 in. long, quadripinnatifid ; 

 ultimate segments lanceolate, incised or serrate. Calif. 



19 



meiJdlia, D. C. Eaton. Lvs. cespitose, with slendei 

 brown stems 5-7 in. long, the lamina 2-3 in. each way, 

 3-4-pinnatifid, with finely cut segments 1-10 of an in. 

 wide. Mex. 



AA. Lvs. ternately divided, ivith dark polished stems. 



ped&ta, A. Br. Lvs. cespitose, on long (9-12 in.) stems, 

 about 6 in. either way, the 3 divisions bipinnatifld ; 

 sori numerous, placed on both sides of the segments. 

 Jamaica, Cuba. 



AAA. Lvs. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 



B. Segments flat: indusia extending over the apices of 



several veinlets, but not continuous. 



c. Surface of lvs. smooth. 



microphylla, Swz. Lvs. 4-10 in. long, on stems nearly 

 as long, from a short, creeping rootstock, bi-tripinnate: 

 stems glossy, rusty-pubescent on the upper side. Fla. 

 and New Mex. southward. 



cc. Surface of lvs. viscid-glandular. 



vfscida, Davenp. Lvs. 3-5 in. long, on stems of the 

 same length, tripinnatifid ; segments toothed, every- 

 where glandular. Calif. 



ccc. Surface of lvs. hairy, not ivoolly. 



hirta, Swz. Lvs. densely cespitose, with short, scaly 

 stems which are brownish, like the rachides: pinnae nu- 

 merous, rather distant bipinnatifld, the segments with 

 much incurved margins. The lvs. are usually 6-15 in. 

 long. Cape of Good Hope. — Var. ElliBi4na is more com- 

 monly cult. 



lanbsa, Wats. (C. KcsHto, Swz,). Pig. 423. Cespitose, 

 with stems 2-A in. long, slightly hairy, as are the seg- 

 ments : lvs. tripinnatifid, 4-10 in. long, l-2J<in, wide, 

 the pinnse lanceolate-deltoid : indusia formed of the 

 ends of roundish or oblong 

 lobes. Conn, to Kan. and 

 Ala. — Hardy. 



CoAperae, D. C. Eaton. Lvs 

 3-8 in. long, bipinnate, the 

 stems covered with nearh 

 white hairs, each tipped witl 

 a gland; pinnules roundisl 

 ovate, crenate and incisi d 

 Calif, to Mex. 



BB. Segments bead-like, mi 

 nute : indusium usif 

 ally continuous. 



D. Lvs. hairy or woolly 

 beneath, but not scaly. 



E. Cpper surface of seg- 



ni> Ills smooth. 



gracillima, D. C. Eaton. 

 Lace Fern. Lvs. cespitose, 

 1^ in. long, besides the 

 nearly equal dark brown 

 stems, bipinnate ; pinnae 

 with about nine pinnules, 

 finally smooth above. Idaho 

 to Calif. — Hardy. 



Cl^velandii, D. C. Eaton. 

 Lvs. 4-8 in. long, tripinnate, 

 dark brown beneath, with 

 closely imbricate, ciliate 

 scales, which grow on both 

 the segments and the rach- 

 ides ; segments nearly 

 round, the terminal larger. 

 Calif. 



EE. Upper surface of segments pubescent. 



tomentdsa, Link. Lvs. 8-15 in. long, on stems 4-6 in. 

 long, everywhere covered with brownish white hairs, 

 tripinnate ; terminal segments twice as large as the 

 lateral. Va. to Ariz. 

 DU. Lvs. covered beneath with scales, but not woolly. 



F6ndleri, Hook. Lvs. 3-6 in. long besides the chaffy 

 stems, rising from tangled, creeping rootstocks, tripin- 

 nate : rachides with broadly-ovate white-edged scales, 

 which overlap the subglobose segments. Tex. and 

 Colo, to Calif. 



423. Cheilanthes lanosa. 



