316 CIBOTIUM 



CIB6TIUM (Greek, a little seed-vessel}. Cyathedeere. 

 A small genus of tree-ferns from Mexico and Polynesia, 

 with copious, bivalved, coriaceous iudusia, differing from 

 Dicksonia in having the outer valve entirely distinct 

 from the leaf. For culture, see DicksO}uii. 



C. Barometz is the plant that gave rise to the wonder- 

 ful stories of the Barometz or Scythian Lamb (Fig. 470), 

 which, according to Bauhin, 1650, had wool, flesh and 



470. The Scythian Lamb, bee i'lboUiiiii Ban. 



blood, and a root attached to the navel. The plant was 

 said to resemble a lamb in every respect, but grew on a 

 stalk about a yard high, and turning about :nid b.-inliiig 

 to the herbage, consumed the foliage witliin nat-li. ;nid 

 then pined away with the failure of the fnoil until it 

 died. Wolves sought it and ate it as if it were a true 

 lamb. In 1725 Breyne, of Dantzig, declared that the 

 Barometz was only the root of a large fern, covered with 

 its natural yellow down and accompanied by stems, 

 which had been placed in museums in an inverted posi- 

 tion, the better to represent the appearance of tlie legs 

 and horns of a quadruped. A.G. 12: 258. 



A. Outer valve of the indusitm larger, or the valves 

 subequal. 



glailcum, Hook. & Am. Lvs. ovate-laui'eolate, tripin- 

 nate; pinnules about G in. long. taper-p'>iiirf-<l ; si-gnients 

 close: outer valve of indusium larger. liruail.T than the 

 inner: veins once- or twice-forked. Hawaiian Islands. 



Birometz, J. Sm. Scythian Lamb. Trunkless : lvs. 

 scented, tripinnate. the lower pinnae ovate-lanceolate ; 

 pinnules .short-stalked, 4-6 in. long, with falcate seg- 

 ments : valves of the indusium nearly equal : veins 

 prominent, rarely forked. China. 



AA. Outer valve of the indusiun 

 the inner. 



ilhr that. 



Schiedei, Hook. Caudex 10-15 ft. high : lvs. oblong- 

 deltoid, tripinnate, with pinnae 1-2 ft. long ; segments 

 falcate, sharp-pointed: sori sparse: veins forked, on the 

 lowest pinnate. Mexico. 



regitle, Linden. Caudex 10-12 ft. high : lvs. ol:)long- 

 deltoid, tripinnate. with pinnae 18-24 in. long ; pinnules 

 sessile, with close, falcate, deeply incised segments : 

 veins pinnate in the lobes. Mex. i^ jj^ Underwood. 



CIBOULE. t'onsult Onion. 



CtCCA. Now combined with Phyllanthus. 



CiCEB (old Latin name for the Vetch). Legumindsa. 

 Pea-like plants, with 5-parted calyx, oblong turgid 

 2-seeded pod, mostly 1-Hd. iieduncles. odd-pinnate lvs. 

 and toothed leaflets. Small giuus. with a .Aleiliterranean- 

 Asian range. C. arietinum, Linu..the Chick-Pea, is some- 

 times cult, in vegetable gardens tor the edible ripe seeds. 

 It is an annual and is cult, the same as bush beans. 

 Withstands dry weather well. It grows 2 ft. high, making 

 a bushy, hairy plant. Lvs. with small, roundish leaflets : 

 fls. white or reddish, small, axillary. Seed roundish, but 

 flattened on the sides, with a projection on one side. 

 Little known in Amer., but much cult, in S. Eu. and Asia. 



L. H. B. 



CINCHONA 



CICH6BIUM (Arabic name). Comp6sitce. A very few 

 Old World herbs, with ligulate corollas, double-rowed 

 scales to the involucre, angled akenes, bristly or chaffy 

 pappus, and blue fls. Two species are of interest to the 

 horticulturist, C. Iiiti/hiis, Linn. (Fig. 436), the Chicory, 

 and C-Eii<livia,hmn.,the Endive. See those entries for 

 fuller information. 



CIENKOWSKIA. See Kwmpferia. 



CIMIClFUGA, Linn, {cimex, a bug ; fugere, to drive 

 awav). Ifiiiiiiiiculdcea'. BrriBANE. Allied to Artiea. 

 'V:M. liar.lv. herbaceous perennials, nrimnicntal. but bad- 

 sniellini^', suited Cmi- II, e l.aek of lior.le.-^ ..!■ r,„- |.;irtially 



sh^Mled ],l:,ees iu th,- WiM L;:,nleli. Ali.MII in .|,eei,.s. na- 

 tive. ,,f th,. n..rth temperat.- z..ii... Lv>. hii-:j.-, .lecom- 

 pitiiiei: fls. white, in racemes ; sepals 2-5, petaloid, de- 

 eicliKiu^^; petals 1-8, small, clawed, 2-lobed or none: fol- 

 liele, 1-8, many-seeded, sessile or stalked; stigma 

 broad or minute. Half shady or open places ; any good 

 garden soil. Prop, by seeds and division of roots in fall 

 or early spring. 



Americana, Miehx.(.lc/fr(; prodordrpn. DC). Slender, 

 2-4 ft. hiirli: lvs. pale l>eneath: fls. in i-longated raceme; 

 ]ietaU 2-li<.rne,l: pedunds nearly as long as the fl.: fol- 

 licles [i 111- 5, stalked ; seeds in 1 row, chaffy : stamens 

 and pistils usually in same fl. Aug. -Sept. Moist woods 

 of Alleghanies. 



foetida, Linn. Lvs. bipinnate, terminal 1ft. 3-lobed : 

 petals of the white fls. often tipped with anthers ; no 

 staiiiinodia : follicles 3-5 ; seeds very chaffy. Summer. 

 .Siberia. — Following var. only is cult. 



Var. simplex, Reg. (C. simplex. Wormsk.). Tall and 

 handsome : fls. short-pedicelled, forming a fine, dense 

 raceme, and at first pubescent : follicles short-stalked. 

 Kamtschatka. 



racemdsa, Nutt. (C. serpent&ria, Pursh). Fig. 471. 

 Stem 3-8 ft. high : lvs. 2-3 times 3-4-parted ; Ifts. 

 mostly ovate, firm texture : racemes few, rigidly erect, 

 often becoming 2 ft. long* follicles rather shorter than 

 the pedicel, nearly % in. long, short style abruptly re- 

 curved. Very pretty in fr.,with its two rows of oval fol- 

 licles always extending upward from the lateral 

 branches. July-Aug. Georgia to Canada and westward. 

 Int. 189L Gt. 13: 443. Gn. 46, p. 269. G.C. II. 10: 557. 

 D. 79. — The commonest in gardens. 



Var. diss6cta. Gray (C spicAta, Hort. ). Lvs. more 

 compound than the type: small white fls. closely packed 

 on lateral and terminal branches. Lasting until Sept. 

 Del. and S. Penn. J. H. HI. 33:381. 



C. cordifdlia, Pursh. Lvs. very broadly ovate or orbicular. 

 B. M. 20Ua.— O. etdta, Nutt. (C. fcetida, Pursh. Acta?a Cimicif- 

 uga, Linn.). Used in medicine. Reg. Veg. Med. 1:37.— C. 3a- 

 j)"<iira,Spreng. Three ft. high: lvs. very large. F.S. 22:2363 (as 

 Plthyrosperma acerlnum). — G. palmdta. Mlehs. ^Trautvet- 

 teriu Carolinensis, Vail. g. p. Davis. 



CINCHONA (from Countess Chinchon). Bubidcea. 

 This gi-nus of plants contains, according to Index 

 Keweiisis. i',7 species, some of which yield bark con- 

 taining (|uinnie. The species grow isolated in various 

 distriet. "f the .Vndis. at elevations ranging from 2,300 

 to :),UIJU ft., and between 22° S. and 10° N. latitude. 

 Some of the species are lofty trees, others are mere 

 shrubs. The lvs. are opposite, with deciduous stip- 

 ules. The fls. are fragrant, much frequented by hum- 

 ming birds, white and pink in coh)r. growing in ter- 

 minal panicles. The calyx is small, ."i iMetlie.l. .and 

 persistent. The ce.rolla has a long tui.e wiili ,". short, 

 spreading, valvate lobes, hairy at the margins. The sta- 

 mens are 5, included iri iln' eer"Ila. The ovary is 2- 

 celled, with very numerous u\-iiles inserted on linear 

 axile placentae. The rajisule opiMis septicidally from 

 the base upwards. The seeds are small, numerous, 

 flat and surrounded with a wing. 



. Commercial Cinchona bark is known under the fol- 

 lowing names: "Crown." "Loxa," or "Pale bark," yielded 

 by Cinehona offirinn lis and its varieties Condaminea, 

 ITritusiiuia, erispii: "Red b;irk." from C succirubra ; 

 "Hybrid bark." from hybrids of C. officinalis and C. 

 suecirubru; "Koyal,"or"YtUow bark, "from U. Calisaya 



