CITRUS 



crvE 



325 



probably being the most easily injured by cold of any 

 of the citrous fruits. It is prop, by seeds, cuttings, lay- 

 ering, etc. The cultivated varieties do not propagate 

 true to seed, and must be buddtnl <ir f^niftcd. Tlie fr. is 

 prized for the thick, tender, aroniatii- riii<l. wliidi is pre- 

 served or candied, and used extmsivrly fur nilinary 

 and confectionary piirposes. Mauy forms and hurticul- 

 tural varieties are grown in Florida and California, but 

 none have thus far proved of noteworthy commercial 

 value. The Corsican, a variety recently introduced by 

 the U. S. Department of Agriculture from Corsica, has 

 given evidence of being a desirable commercial sort for 

 cultivation in this country. 



Var. Llmon, Linn. Lemon. Small, spreading trees 

 or shrubs: young branches smooth, yellowish green: 

 Ivs. ovate-oblong, crenate or serrate; petiole .short, mar- 

 ginless or slightly winged : fr. medium sized, yellow, 

 round, ovate or elliptical, mostly mamillate ; rind thin, 

 aromatic ; pulp abundant, very juicy and acid. India. 

 Cultivated extensively in all tropical and subtropical 

 regions of the world. — The Lemon is one of our most 

 important commercial fruits, and is grown extensively 

 in California and Florida. Large quantities of the fruit 

 are also imported, mainly from Italy. The Lemon is 

 not so easily injured by cold as the citron, but is more 

 tender than the orange or pomelo. The entire fruit, 

 rind and pulp, is used extensively for culinary and con- 

 fectionary purposes, for the manufacture of citric acid 

 and for lemonade, etc. It is commonly prop, by seeds, 

 but may also be readily grown from cuttings. The cul- 

 tivated varieties must be prop, by budding or grafting, 

 or by cuttings, as they do not come true to seed. The 

 following are the most important horticultural varie- 

 ties : Belair : Fr. lemon-shaped, blunt. Foreign. — Eu- 

 reka: Fr. early, few-seeded : tree thornless. Foreign.— 

 Genoa : Fr. medium size, early, oval, nearly seedless: 

 tree everbearing, thornless. Foreign. — Lisbon : Fr. me- 

 <iium size, fine grained, strongly acid; few seeds: tree 

 thorny. Foreign.— Villa Franca: Fr. medium size, qual- 



are separated above, is an interesting and striking mon- 

 strosity. (See Fig. 482, which is taken from a Japanese 

 fruit known locally as the Bushiukan.) The Florida 

 Rough Lemon, or simply "Rough Lemon," as it is called, 



- .^^1^ 



r A 



481. Kumquat — Citrus Japonica (X i^). 



ity excellent; rind smooth, thin ; seed.s few or none. 

 One of the finest Lemons firrown. — The so-called Fingered 

 Citron or Lemon, var. digltata, Risso (or var. chiro- 

 carpa), in which the individual carpels of the fruit 



Fingered Citron 



is a fruit of doubtful relationship. Its appearance sug- 

 gests that it may be a hybrid between the Citron and 

 Lemon. It is a strong, vigorous grower, and forms an 

 excellent stock, in warm localities, for the various 

 orange varieties. It is the best stock for the Bahia 

 navel orange, usually increasing its fruitfulness. 



Var. tlcida, Hook. (C. Medica, var. Limitta of trade 

 catalogues, etc.). Lime. A bush or small tree, 10-20 ft. 

 high : Ivs. oval or elliptical, small, crenate or serrate; 

 petiole wing-margined, but not as broadly so as in the 

 sour orange and pomelo : fls. small, white or with a 

 slight pinkish tinge without ; petals normally 5, but 

 often 4 : fr. small, spherical, ovate or elliptical ; rind 

 thin, light lemon-yellow, bitter ; pulp very sour and 

 somewhat bitter, juicy. India. Extensively cultivated 

 ill the West Indies and Florida, where it has escaped 

 from cultivation and grows abundantly wild, frequently 

 forming dense thickets. B. M. 0745. The horticultural 

 varieties commonly cultivated in the United States 

 ;ire : Mexican (West Indian): Fr. small, oblong. 

 Escaped from cultivation in South Florida and the West 

 Indies. Supposed to have been introduced from Mex. — 

 Persian: Fr. larger than in the preceding; said to be of 

 excellent quality. Introduced from Persia. — Rangpur 

 (Mandarin Lime): Fr. resembling a mandarin orange 

 in having easily removable rind and separable segments 

 or carpels; said to be of excellent quality. Introduced 

 from India. — Tahiti: Fr. large, early, nearly seedless, 

 of fine quality: tree nearly thornless ; prolific. Intro- 

 duced from Tahiti. This "is probably the most highly 

 prized variety of Lime grown. Until recently, the Lime 

 had been used mainly for the manufacture of lime juice, 

 which had become a standard article of commerce, and 

 citric acid. Recently, limeade has became very popular 

 at the soda fountains throughout the country, and this 

 use is so rapidly extending that in a few years it will 

 doubtless make Lime-growing an important industry. 

 H. J. Webber. 



CIVE (written also Chive). Allium Schoeiwprasum, 

 Linn., a perennial plant native to Europe and the north- 

 ern borders of the U. S. and northward. See Allium. 

 The leaves of Cive are used green as seasoning in soups, 

 salads and stews ; but, like other vegetables of this class, 

 it is little known in America. Cive grows 6 to 8 inches 

 high, making dense mats of narrow, hollow leaves, and 



