327 



CLABY. The dried Its. of Salvia Sclarea, which are 

 iisfil' for sea.soning. Other species of Salvia have been 

 used fo- the same purpose. See Salvia. 



C: 



^^\f ^ 



CLAYTONIA (after John Clayton, of Virginia, one of 

 the fiirlirst Aiiicriean botanists. From his collections 

 Urouovius L-dited the Flora Virginica). PortulacdeeiP. 

 Spring Beauty. Small, hardy, glabrous, succulent, 

 perennial herbs, with slender, 2-leaved stems from a 

 deep, globular corm. and loose racemes of white or rose- 

 colored fls. with deeper veins, appearing among the first 

 wild fls. and lasting only a few days. The genus has 

 about 25 species, mostly N. Amer., and is characterized 

 by its oval, persistent sepals and 5 stamens. Plants can 

 be obtained from dealers in native plants. They can be 

 naturalized in moist places, and do well in half-shady 

 spots at the bottom of a rockery. For C.parvifolia, 

 parviflora and perfoliata, see Montia. 



Virginica, Linn. Plant 4-8 in. long, often forcing an 

 irregular way through the leaf-mold of damp, rich 

 woods: Ivs. linear-lanceolate or linear, 2-6 m. long, In- 

 cluding the gradually tapering base : fls. larger and 

 more numerous than in C. Caroliniana. Colo, to At- 

 lantic and S. to Gulf. B.M. 941. L.B.C. 7:643. D. 33. 



Caroliniana, Michx. Lower and fewer-fld. : Ivs. 1-2 in. 

 long, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or somewhat spatulate, 

 with a blade 1-2 in. long, abruptly contracted into a 

 marginal petiole. Minn, to Atlantic and S. to Mts. of 

 North Carolina. 



lanceolita. Pursh. About 4 in. high : Ivs. oblong or 

 lanceolate, %-iyim. long, sessile, the base broad or 

 narrow: raceme short-peduncled : petals emarginate or 

 almost obcordate. Utah and Calif. t^^ jj^ 



CLEISOSTOMA (Greek, closed mouth, referring to the 

 strui'ture of the spur). Orchiddceo!, tribe Vdndea-. 

 Epiphytes : stems leafy : Ivs. coriaceous, flat or nearly 

 terete: sepals and petals adnate to the column, spread- 

 ing; labellura with a large saccate spur; column short, 

 thick ; poUinia 2. From eastern Asia and Austral. A 

 genus comprising in this neighborhood 40 species, 

 which suggest Saccolabium. The plants are little 

 known in Amer. The leading species are C. crassifo- 

 liiim, Lindl., and C. rimjens. Reichb. f. C. Dawsonia- 



niim, Reichb. f. ,is a Trichoglottis ; C. muttiftorum, 

 Hort. , is probably jUrides multiflorum . „ 



Oakes Ames. 



CLIIMATIS (Greek name of a climbing plant). Ea- 

 iiKiiciili'iiiii . Climbing vines, or erect or ascending per- 

 ennial liiT-lis, more or less woody : Ivs. opposite, slen- 

 der pctiuli-il, jiinnately compound, lobed, or in some 

 species entire: sepals u.sually 4 or 5, sometimes more, 

 valvate in the bud, petaloid ; petals none (or small in 

 Atragene section) ; stamens many; pistils many; akenes 

 in a head, 1-seeded ; style persistent, long, plumose, 

 silky or naked. Fig. 492. About 150 species of very 

 wide geographical distribution, most abundant in tem- 

 perate regions. About 20 species found native in 

 North America. — Les Clematites, Alphonse Lavallfie, 

 Paris, 1884 ; referred to below by "Lav."— The Clema- 

 tis as a Garden Flower, Thomas Moore and George 

 -Jackman, London, 1872 ; referred to below by "M. & J." 

 -Clematises, Dr. .Tubs I,- Bi-le. in Bull, de la Societe 

 d'Hort. de la Sartlu- ; npul.lisbed in Tlie Garden (vol. 

 53), June-Oct. 1898.-0. Kuntze, Monogr. der Gattung 

 Clematis in Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 26 (1885). -A. 

 Gray, Pl.N. Am. 1:4-9, 1895. 



A rich soil of a light, loamy character is the best for 

 Clematises, and a little mixture of lime will make it 

 better. The soil must be well drained, and must be kept 

 rich by at least annual applications of horse- or cow-ma- 

 nure. On dry, hot soils cow-manure is best, while on 

 heavy soils a thorough dressing of rich leaf-mold 

 would best serve the purpose. Mulching with half -rot- 

 ted manure on the approach of winter tends to increase 

 the strength of the plants and the size of the flowers. 

 In dry seasons, spraying is always helpful during the 

 growing season. 



Clematises belonging to the Montana, C£erulea, Florida, 

 and Lanuginosa tyju's sliouM be pruned in February or 

 Marc-li, by iMittiug away all weak, straggling and over- 

 crowded liraiii-hes. Tlie first three mentioned flower 

 from the ripened wood ; it is essential, therefore, that 

 in order'to secure blossoms, enough of the strong one- 

 year-old wood should be retained. Viticella, Jack- 

 mani and Lanuginosa should be vigorously cut back, 

 say in November ; they blosscnii from tlm new shoots. 

 Those of the Casrulea typi' should Ih- pnun-d very little, 

 soon after the flowers have <lisappearecl, by simply trim- 

 ming off useless branches and seed-bearing peduncles. 



Clematises of the vigorous climbing varieties are used 

 in many places to cover walls, root fences, mounds, 

 arbors, balconies, trellises, small buildings, and, in fact, 

 many other places the ingenious gardener will think of. 

 For pot culture in the greenhouse, and for conservatory 

 walls, the less vigorous species are best suited. All the 

 many varieties and hybrids of the Cserulea and Lanu- 

 ginosa types, including Henryi and the forms of Jack- 

 mani, are well adapted to this use, as well as for out- 

 door purposes. The dwarfer and more bushy species 

 are used in greenhouses to some extent, but are found 

 principally in borders or on large rockeries. Of the 

 latter J. B. Keller says : "Their flowers are not so 

 large as we see them in most of the climbers, yet they 

 are indispensable in the flower garden, being prolific 

 bloomers and free growers in ordinarily rich, deep gar- 

 den soil. There is room for improvement in this class, 

 however, and specialists who hitherto have done so 

 much for the climbers, ought to direct their efforts now 

 to the long-neglected bush Clematises. A noble begrin- 

 uing has been made, resulting in the large-fiowering 

 C. integrifolia, var. Diirandi, but we expect more of 

 them in the future." See special notes on culture and 

 hybrid-forming qualities after the descriptions of some 

 of the species and varieties. 



The most common method of propagation is by graft- 

 ing. Roots of C. FhimmuUi or C. Viticella are used ; 

 the cions are taken froiit plants that have been grown 

 under glass, and are used before the wood is entirely 

 ripe. Cions taken from plants grown in the garden in 

 summer are rarely successful. The grafts, in pots or 

 trays, are grown in a moist coolhouse, over gentle bot- 

 tom heat. Another method of propagation, involving 

 less labor but usually successful, is to take cuttings of 

 nearly ripe wood, grown under glass, and treat them as 

 the cions first above mentioned, without the roots. The 

 latter method is practiced preferably in summer in 



