340 



COCCOLOBA 



COCHLEARIA 



worthy of a place among ornamental plants under glass. 

 As it will withstand but slight frost, its cultivation out- 

 doors in the United States is limited to warmer parts of 

 Florida and California, but it may be bedded outdoors 

 during the summer, in temperate latitudes forming a 



505. Coccolob 



tine addition to the list of plants more commonly em- 

 ployed. All species are easily propagated by seeds, 

 which germinate freely when not too old. Some species 

 may be quickly increased by cuttings of ripe wood, 

 which root readily in sand under usual couditions, in a 

 frame or propagating house. Layering may also be em- 

 ployed to Increase a stock. The various species grow 

 naturally in both clayey and sandy soils, revelling in 

 moist, rich earth and a high temperature. C. nvifera 

 frequents the seashore, :iiiil is f<iund growing in sand 

 and broken shells, apiianntly hu-king altogether in 

 plant-food. Rich, sandy k<mI of a light character seems 

 to be the best for all s])ecies so far known. Plants are 

 readily transplanted from open ground, hut pot-grown 

 plants are to be preferred. CuH. by E. N. Eeasoner. 

 uviSera, Linn. Sea-grape. Shore-grape. Fig. 505. 

 Tree, reaching 20 ft. or more, with many flexuons 

 branches : Ivs. large, often 5 in. long by 7 in. wide, 

 broadly heart-shaped, wavy margined, glossy, leathery, 

 midrib red at the base; petioles short, with sheathing 



stipules at the base : racemes 6 in. long, erect, in fl. 

 nodding in fr. : ils. IK in. across, white, fragrant ; pet- 

 als 5; stamens 8; styles 3: berries 9 or more in a ra- 

 ceme, small, about Kin. long, pear-shaped, rrddish pur- 

 ple, dotted green, sweetish acid; luit roundisli. with a 

 short, sharp point on top, and vertical wrinkles. 

 Sandy seashores of Trop. Amer., especially S. 

 Fla. and West Indies. B.M. 3130. -The wood 

 is used in cabinet work, and, when boiled, 

 gives a red color.. 



Florid4na, Meissn. Pigeon Plum. 

 Tree, 25-30 ft.: Ivs. lK-3 in. long. 

 1-2 in. wide, ovate or elliittical. nar- 

 rowed at both ends, o)>ttisi', margin 

 slightly recurved: hi rries small. Jiin. 

 Icing, pear-.shaped, edilile, but not 

 marketable. S. Fla. -This has lately 

 lieen considered a synonym of C. 

 /iturifolia, but the two species are 

 well distinguished in DC. Prod. 

 14:165. W. M. 



COCCULUS (diminutive of kokkoi:. 

 berry; the fr. being berry -like). 

 (Oebafha.) Menispermacerp. Twin- 

 ing or erect shrubs: Ivs. alternate, 

 ])etioled, entire or lobed, with entire 

 margin, deciduous or persistent, 

 palminerved: fls. inconspicuous, dioe- 

 cious, in axillary panicles or racemes, 

 sometimes terminal ; sepals, petals 

 •>nd stamens 6: carpels 3-6, distinct, developing into 

 berry like, 1-seeded drupes ; seed reniform. About 

 2o species in America, Asia, Africa and Australia, 

 chiefly in trop. and subtrop. regions. Only a few spe- 

 cies are cultivated, thriving in almost any somewhat 

 1 1 t s 1 ; the eviignen kinds are sometimes grown 

 1 I t m a sandy .■omp.ist of peat and loam. Prop. 

 I I r I'V <MlttiIll,^s of half-ripened wood in summer, 



uul r fell s, with bottom h.at. 



Cocculus Indicus"is the trade name of the ben'ies 

 used bj the Chinese in catching fish. The berries con- 

 tain an acrid poison, which intoxicates or stuns the fish 

 until they can be caught. The berries are imported 

 tT I 1 thL East Indies to adulterate porter, and"Cocculus 

 Ii U u-i IS a trade name with druggists, not a botanical 

 UL lubt as "Cassia lignea"is a trade name of a kind of 

 Cinnamon bark, derived, not from a Cassia, but from a 

 species of Cinnamoraum. The name "Cocculus Indicus " 

 given by Bauhin, hut binomial nomenclature began 

 later with Linnaeus, in 1753. The plant which produces 

 tht beiries is Anamirfa Cocculus. 



CaroUnu3, DC. A rapid-growing, twining shrub, at- 

 taining 12 ft., with puliesciMit hraiii'hi-s: Ivs. long-peti- 

 oled usually ovate, somi-iiiiirs <-oT-datf, olituse, entire or 

 3 , rarelj 5-lobed, puhisi-cnt. glaln-ous aliove at length, 

 lK-3 in. long: fr. red, 'iiu. in diam. Along streams, 

 from Va. and 111. to Ha. and Tex. — Decorative in fall, 

 with its bright red fr. Not hardy N. of New York. 



C. JapMiicus. DC.=Stephama hornanilifrilia. — C laiirifblius , 

 DC. Erect shnib, to 15 ft., glalnons: l\s r\rr^Tet«u, oblong, 

 acute at both ends. Himal. Dcim.i .irix '■. \\ ii )i its lii-ight green, 

 shining foliage. Only hardy in sul'lropiral y^:^un\<>.—C. Thitn- 

 bergi, DC. Similar to C. Caroliiius, Iml li l.luish black. Har- 

 dier. Japan. Alfred Rehder. 



COCHLEARIA (Latin, cochlear, a spoon; referring to 

 the Ivs.). Cniciferte. This genus, which includes the 

 Horse Radish and Scurvy Grass, is composed of glabrous 

 herbs, mostly perennial, of various habit, with Ivs. alter- 

 nate or in rosettes : fls. mostly white, racemose, hractless : 

 pods various, hut never winged. The word co.dilear is 

 atechnieal tenii used in desi-ribiiig alsf ivatioii. and refers 



to one pi wliieli is larwcr than tlie ..tluTs, liollow like 



abowl or helmet, and iiieluding the rest, as in Ai'onitum. 

 Armor&cia, Linn. {Naafiirtinni Armor&cia, Fries). 

 Horse Radish. Hardy perennial, 2 ft. high: roots large 

 and fleshy, furnishing the familiar condiment: root-Ivs. 

 very large, more or less cordate or oblong ; stem-Ivs. 

 lanceolate, uppermost linear, entire : fls. white. May. 

 Naturalized from Eu. and escaped. — It flowers fre- 

 quentlv, and verv rarelv perfects anv seeds. For cul- 

 ture, see Borse Barllsli'. 



