382 



CORYLUS 



AA. Ulixk tubular, of c 

 bracts. 



B. Iiimluire la 1,1 pa nutate, uitli 

 tanj.-, liintatr, spmntiiig lobis 

 Pbntica, Kdc-li. iSlirub: Ivs. cot 



date, roundish ovate or broad-oval 

 doubly serrate : involucre finely 

 pubescent, with few glandular ban 

 at the base: nut large, broad-ovate 

 W. Asia. P.S. 21:2223-4 as ( 

 Colurna.— From this species the 

 Cob Nuts seem to have originated 

 also the Spanish Nuts are probalih 

 mostly cross-breeds between this 

 species and C. Avellana or ( 

 maxima, or between the two latter 

 species. 



BB. Involucre narrowed abate 

 the nut into a beak. 



m&xima, Mill. (C. tubulvsa 

 Wilkl.). Shrub, sometimes small 

 tree, to 30 ft.: Ivs. cordate, round 

 ish-ovate, slightly lobed and doubh 

 serrate, 3-6 in. long : involucre 

 finely pubescent outside: nut ob 

 lonj^. large; kernel with thin red or 

 white skin. S. Eu. — Var. pur 

 pilrea, Hort. (C Avetlana pm 

 purea, Hort.). Lvs. deep pur 

 plish red. Many varieties, with 

 large nuts, known as Filberts 

 or Lambert's Filberts. 



rostr^ta, Ait. Figs. 5G1, 562 

 Shrub, 2-6 ft.: Ivs. rounded or 

 slightly cordate at the base, oval 

 or obovate, densely serrate and 

 sometimes slightly lobed, nearly 

 glabrous at length, except spar 

 ingly pubescent on the veins be 

 neath, 2K-4 in. long : involuc 

 densely beset with bristly 

 hairs, beak long and narrow : 

 nut ovoid, % in. long. East- 

 ern N. Amer., west to Minn. ^^ 

 and Colo. Q.P. 8:345. B.B. j^^sT^ 

 1 : 508. ■■ ^ 



Califbrnioa, Rose. Fig 

 562. Allied to C. rostrata. 

 Shrub, to 20 ft.: Ivs. more 

 villous beneath : involucre 

 with a short beak, which is 

 often flaring and sometiii es 

 torn. 



C. heterophylla, Fisch. Allied 

 to C. Avellana. Lvs. more lobed; 

 involucre large, spi'e.-iding, longer th 

 fr., with large, triaiigidar, nearly entire 

 teeth. N.China, .Jap. (Offered by import 

 ers.)— O.ilfandsAiJrica, Maxim. Allied toC 

 rostrata. Lvs. large and broad: in\ olucre thickh 

 beset with strong brown bristles ; tube shghtly 

 enlarged at the apex, and laciniately divided mto 

 narrow, entire segments. Amurland Jip — C 

 Sl^boldi, Blume. Allied to C. rostrata 

 rower: involucre densely coated with looselj ip 

 pressed, less bristly hairs; beak long and 

 rowed toward the end. A.G. 12:267 Alfred Rehdep 



Culture FOR THE Nuts. — Hazel Filbert Cobnut 

 The three native Hazels, C. AmeiicaHa 6 Catifoi 

 nica and C. rostrata, have been sparingly introduced 

 to cultivation, but have not dei eloped varieties 

 worthy of naming or propagating. The foreign species, 562. 



C. Avellana, C. Pontica and C. maxima, were intro- Filberts a 

 ducfd .ilonc: the Atlantic seaboard at an early day, and Hazels, 

 arr ni:(hit;iiin'd in gardens throughout the New England Natural 

 ami .■\n<lilli- .Mhmtic states. Eiforts to make extensive I.American -grown 

 culture pn)tit;ible in the eastern United States have Filbert; i.Cory 

 hitherto failed, probably from attacks of a fungous dis- 

 ease, Cri/ptotipora anomala, common on C. America^ia, 

 but not specially injurious to that species. It attacks 

 and destroys the young branches, and later the older 

 branches and trunk, without killing the root, Bo) deaux 



lU8 A 



form with open 



lucre;3,0.^7/**'n 



closed 



Califorti' 



trata. 



mixture has been suggested as a, 

 piL\enti\e but lecorded success- 

 tiil xiiiiiuiiits are lacking. Ex- 

 I mil nt il 1 I iiitings on the Pacific 

 I I 111 li it< ..leiter success with 

 nil) It I 11 I K there th.in in the 

 t 1 lit til \ lii\(_ not developed 

 III 111 I 111 iin| It UK e 

 111 1 |uii till nts if the Hazel in 

 \meiRa so far as known, are: 

 model ately rich well drained soil; 

 absence of C imtttcatta from vi- 

 < inity freedom from mild periods 

 in winter and late frosts in 

 spring It It, specially subject 

 to frost innury as both stami- 

 nate and pistillate catkins de- 

 \elop in fall and quickly swell 

 and open under the influence of 

 mild we itht i in vi inter. Th& 

 staniinate catkins commonly 

 bloom first It they are de- 

 stroyed b\ frost fertilization 

 can be accomplished by sus- 

 pending branches from trees 

 from other localities, even of 

 other species of Corylus. 



Propagation by seeds is easily 

 done by stratifying in fall and 

 planting m nursery rows in 

 earh spring Seedlings vary 

 exceedmglj and varieties are 

 perpetuated bj budding, graft- 

 ing suckers or Kvers ; com- 

 monly by the last two methods. 

 \ consider ible supply of well 

 rooti d sufkeis can be obtained 

 fi nil fi lilting trees by banking 

 m suniiii 1 with rich soil or 

 stilil mmuie to piomote root 

 formation Stools for layering 

 should be heavily manured to force 

 1 mg and slender shoots suitable 

 tor bending Tin si should be 

 stiked di AMI m \Miiti 1 or spring 

 ind co\(i. 1 wifli I nth They may 

 be renioAtd t iiiusfry rows or 

 orchard at end of hrst season. 



Planting should be at a distance 

 of 10 to 20 feet m well prepared soil, 

 111 fill ( r spiing (.Tround may be 

 I n (1 with low growing, culti- 

 A it 1 1 I ints while trees are young, 

 but h uld be maintained in good 

 tilth ind fertility 



Pinning is of special importance 

 with this nut Trees are usually 

 headed at height of 1 or 2 feet, 

 though often permitted to take nat- 

 ural form w hic h is that of a many- 

 stemmed bush designated a"stool.'^ 

 Trees are classified according to 

 height of clear trunk into "stan- 

 dard 'half standaid and "dwarf 

 standard ' A. short trunk, with 

 vase foim head of si\ or more 

 branches is pi ef erred Suckers 

 should bekeptdown unless desired 

 for propagation Both sexes of blos- 

 soms are borne on 1 \ eai old lateral 

 twigs or spins March or April, 

 after flowers of both sexes have 

 bloomed, is ( onsidered best 

 time for pruning, as unneces- 

 sary sacrifice of pollen 

 can thus be avoided. 

 Strong shoots should 

 be headed back to 

 promote spur forma- 

 tion, and old wood 

 that has borne fruit 

 should be removed 

 annually. 



