their fruits are 

 as long as or 



CORYLUS 



The nuts should not be gathered until ripe, a condition 

 indicated by the browning of the edges of the husk. If 

 left until fully ripe, many of the nuts will rattle out and 

 be lost. The highest prices are obtained for frcslily 

 gathered nuts in the husks. To prevent husks from 

 molding, they should be well dried or slightly sulphund. 

 Hazelnuts may he held for considerable periods iu ti^bt 

 receptacles, ascasksor jars, by sprinkling salt over them 

 and storing them in a cool, dry place, or in a refriger- 

 ated compartment. 



Few insects trouble the European Hazelnuts in 

 America, the nut weevil of Europe, BalaninuR niicuni, 

 not having yet been naturalized. B. nasicus sometimes 

 does considerablp ininrv tn tho native i^perips. 



Nuts and FillHTt- are tmns loo.rlv u-.m! ;iI.ro:i.l. r^\n- 

 cially in Enu'h.n-l. u. .Irsi-natc .■.■rtain ralli.T in.lelinitc 

 forms of C. -lrr//</*/'r aii.ir. /,,././-^m-'. ' 

 varieties as have husks shorter thai 

 termed Nuts, while such as have hu 

 longer than their fruits are designated Filberts. 



But few varieties are known iu America, most of the 

 Hazels grown being seedlings from imported nuts. Va- 

 rieties of C. AveUana and C. maxima are not. clearly 

 distinguishable, but in general those with husks longer 

 than the nuts are assigned to C. maxima^ and those with 

 short husks to C AveUana. 



A Iba ( White Filbert) . Regarded in England as one of the best 

 varieties. Can be kept in busk longer than most others becaiise 

 of constricted form of husk. Kernel covered with a white skin. 

 Known as Avelinier Blanche, Wrotham Park, etc. Succeeds in 

 California. 



Cosford (Miss Young's, Thin-shelled). Nut oblong, thin- 

 shelled, of excellent quality; in a hirsute, laciniated husk, about 

 the same length as nut. 



Crispa (Cape Nut, Frizzled Filbert). Nut thin-shelled, some- 

 what tiattened, late; in husks curiously frizzled throughout and 

 wide open at the mouth. Very productive. 



Dowtiton Large Square. Nut very large, semi-square, thick- 

 shelled and well filled, of the highest quality ; husk smooth, 

 shorter than liut. 



Du Chilly. A fine, large, compressed-cylindrical variety, with 

 moderately thick shell, and of fine quality. Introduced from 

 Fra nee by Felix Gdlet, of California. The largest Filbert grown 

 in America so far as known. 



Qrandis (Round Cobnut). Nut large, short, slightly com- 

 pressed, of good quality when fresh , with a thick and hard shell ; 

 in a short husk, much frizzled and hairy. One of the best varie- 

 ties ; considered the true Bax'celona nut of commerce. Also 

 known as Downton. Dwarf Prolific, Great Cob, Pearson's Pro- 

 lific and Round Cob. 



Jones. A short, roundish nut. of medium size and good quality, 

 somewhat grown for several years in central Delaware. Bush 

 hardy and vigorous, producing suckers freely, and thus far free 

 from disease. 



Lambert (Lambert's Filbert, Lambert's Nut, Filbert Cob; 

 Kentish Co>>, riri.i]r,>ii 'y ' Xut lar^e, oblong, somewhat com- 

 pressed; shell I, il . ; ■!: ' krinil plump and of I'ich flavor; an 

 excellent kii]>i i ! I i i i .— -iiiMut]!, longer than nut and but 

 slightly cut ill map jm I III- pn"liii'tive. Considered the best 

 variety grown lu Kiit;l;uiil, ulitrti it has been known since 1812. 



Purple-leaved. Nut large and of excellent quality; in a husk 

 longer than the fruit. Planted for ornament, and productive of 

 good nuts under proper treatment. The leaves and hiisks are 

 of a deep purple" color, which is retained until frost. The stami- 

 nate catkins are tender and often injured by frosts in winter, 

 but when supplied with pollen from some more hardy variety 

 it yields large crops. 



Red Aveline (Avelineer Rouge, Red Hazel). Nut large, ovate, 

 thin-shelled, with a smooth, red-skinned kernel, and of sweet 

 nutty flavor. This variety is prized in eastern California as a 

 productive sort of good qiiality. 



Spanish. Nut verj' large, oblong, thick-shelled, with a smooth 

 husk longer than the fruit. Sometimes confounded with Gran- 

 ^is. W. A. Taylor. 



C0RYN6STYLIS (Greek, describing the club-shaped 

 style). l'i<>lurf'<e. Woody climbers, with alternate Ivs. 

 and racemes of long-stalked violet-like fls. C. Hyb&ntlius, 

 Mart. & Zucc. ( Cali'fptrion A ubletii, Ging. Corif>i6iiti/Us 

 Anbletii, tiort.), is native of trop. America. The Ivs. 

 are large, ovate, serrate : fls. white, in short axillary 

 fascicles, which are contiguous along the stem, long- 

 spurred, 2 or 3 times as large as a violet. F.S. 21 ; 22Ut. 

 — A handsome, vigorous warmhouse climber, and cult, in 

 the open in S. California. Prop, by cuttings and seeds. 



cos:midium 



383 



COB'i'PHA (Greek for summit or (ojj, — where the Ivs 

 grow). PahnAveiv, tribe Cori/jyheir. Tall, spineless 

 inonocarpic palms ; trunk storit, ringed : Ivs. terminal 

 large, orbicular. fIalHll:iirly .li\ id.-.l t.i tin- middle into 



numerous linear-Iau I.iir -.i-iim nis : s,:,-inriits indupli 



cate in the bud; raclns i ■ ; li^tilc Mnall : pi'tiole long, 



stout, concave abuvu, spmy oji the margins : sheaths 

 split; spadix solitary, erect, paniculately much branched 

 spathes many, tubular, sheathing the peduncle and 

 branches: fls. green: frs. as large as a cherry, with a 

 fleshy pericarp. Species li; tr"i>ic-al AsiaandMalay Archi- 

 pelago. These fan-palms an- ru It iv.it I d the same as Cham- 

 SBrops and Livistona. Thi-y ;trc warmhouse plants, prop, 

 by seeds. Large fans, umhrelhis and tents are made of 

 the Talipot palm l)y the natives of Ceylon. 



Coryphas are but little grown commercially, the growth 

 of young plants being slow. Good loam well enriched 

 with stable manure, a night temperature of 65° and 

 abundant moisture, are the chief requisites in their cul- 

 ture, with a moderately shaded house during the 

 summer. 



eUta, Roxb. ( C. Gebdnya, Blume). Trunk straight, 

 CO-70 ft. high, 2 ft. in diam., spirally ridged: Ivs. lunate, 

 8-10 ft. in diam. : segments 80-100, separated nearly to the 

 middle, ensiform, obtuse or bifid : petioles 0-12 ft., 

 with black margin.? and curved spines. Bengal and 

 Burma. 



umbracullfera, Linn. Talipot Palm. Pig. 563. Trunk 

 annulate, 60-80 ft. : Ivs. sub-lunate, 6 ft. long by 13 ft. 

 wide, palmately pinnatifid, conduplicate above the mid- 

 dle : segments obtusely bifid : petiole 7 ft., the spines 



V 



563. Corypha umbracullfera. 



along its margins often in pairs. Malabar coast and 

 Ceylon. A.F.12:313. Gng.5:213. The picture (Fig. 563) 

 is adapted from Martins' Natural History of Palms. 



C. aitstrdlis, R. Br. See Livistona. — Cniacropfty/ffl'.Hort.=?— 

 G. minor, Jaeq. SeeSabal.— O. Wdgani, Hort., is adwiirf round- 

 Ivd.pknt. A.G.15:307. 



.Tared G. Smith, and W. H. Taplin. 



COSMANTHUS. All included iu Phueelia. 

 COSMlDIDM is TheUspenna. 



