424 CYA' 



AAA. Rachides spiny; 



Ivs. g7-een beneath. 

 medulUris, Swz. Lvs. 

 bi-tripinnate, densely scaly 

 when young-, with soft, de- 

 ciduous hair-like scales ; 

 segments coarsely serrate 

 or pinnatifid, on spore- 

 bearing lvs. N. Zealand. 

 L. M. Underwood. 



CtCAS (classical Greek 

 name). C y ca ddceci' . 

 Twenty or fewer species of widelj distiiou cd tropi 

 cal or warm-temperate palm-like plants Pld-nt& dice 

 ceous. The lis. appear in a mass m the bosom ot 

 the great crown of lvs. Staminate lis. <ire anthers 

 borne beneath a scale ; the pistillate fls. are naked 

 ovules borne in the angles of rusty-fuzzy, pinnatifid 

 Ivs. They have striking analogies with the gym- 

 nosperras and ferns. Cycads are popular conserva- 

 tory plants, for they are of easy culture, and the 

 crowns of lvs. withstand much neglect, or even 

 abuse. Cycas stems and leaves are imported in 

 vast quantities directly from Japan. Staminate 

 plants are rare in cultivation. For a horticultural 

 synopsis of the genus, see I. H. 11, under tab. 405. 

 A running sketch, by W. Watson, is in G.F. 4 : 113. 



Cycads in the various species are among the most 

 popular decorative plants for both house and garden. 

 Their culture is comparatively simple, as they suc- 

 ceed in varying temperature and any well drained 

 soil. C. revolnta is i>robably the most hardy spe- 

 cies, withstanding the trying climate of the upper 

 coast of the Gulf of Mexico, where it occasionally 

 loses its entire crown of leaves during severe 

 freezes, but is seldom killed outright. It usually 

 stands well at Savannah. Plants are propagated by 

 seeds, which keep well for a month or more after 

 ripening. They should be sown in shallow boxes or 

 the greenhouse bench, lightly covered with sand, 

 and, after germination, potted off in small pots of 

 moderately rich, light soil. The growing plants do 

 their best in partial shade, where they should have 

 proper attention in watering and weeding. The old 

 plants frequently send up suckers around the base of 

 the trunk, which may he cut off and rooted, if takiu 

 in a dormant state. The leaves, if any have formed, 

 should be cut off at the time of its removal, as other- 

 wise they would dry up the sucker before it was es- 

 tablished. The large stems, or trunks, are safely 

 shipped from their native home to most distant 

 countries, after cutting off leaves androotw and pack- 

 ing in cases in a dry condition. Upon arrival at their 

 destination, the stems are planted in as small pots 

 as possible and kept close and moist until new 

 leaves form, when a cooler and drier air will answer 

 for them. Their use as decorative specimens for the 

 home is increasing, although many failures result 

 from lack of moisture and sunshine. The soil which 

 suits them best is a sandy or gravelly loam, and 

 should never be allowed to get quite dry, but be kept 

 in a moderately moist condition at all seasons. When 

 dormant, they may be placed in the most shaded 

 positions occasionally, but ought to have sunshine 

 daily, when possible, for at least an hour. During 

 their periodical growth, they should have a great deal 

 of sunshine to insure a 

 stocky and vigorous growth ; 



otherwise the leaves will be ' *" i'\ 



drawn to an unnatural ^'"is. . 



length, with few pinnje, 

 ruining their symmetrical 

 form. 



Cult, by E. N. Reasoner. 



revolilta, Thunb. Sago 

 Palm. Figs. 633, 634. Be- 

 coming 6-10 ft. high, and 

 then branching : lvs. long 

 and recurved at the end 

 (2-7 ft.), the many pinnae 

 curved downward, 





CYCLAMEN 



sharp -pointed and stiff, 



dark, shining green. 



Japan. B. M. ^63-4. 



J.H. III. 29:379. R.B. 



21:163. R. H. 1896, p. 



369. A.G. 13:141 ;I8:1; 



19: 436. Mn. 2: 88 ; 



6:134. — The common- 



^ est species in cult. 



^ Produces a handsome 



^ 5 crest or crown of out- 



A-'^^" ward flowing lvs., which remains in per- 



^^1^^ fection for months and years. The fruit 



^■^ lb densely tomentose, but is not often 



seen m cultivated plants. Much used at 



funerals. 



circinAlis, Linn. ( C. Tfwudrsii, R. Br. ). 

 Taller, rarely branching : lvs. twice 

 longer than those of C. revolnta, gracefully arching, 

 thepinuEP afoot or less long, falcate, dark green above 

 and pale beneath. Moluccas. B. M. 2H2(i-7. F. S. 

 20: 2118-19.— Fruit glabrous at maturity. Not un- 

 common in good collections. Rapid grower as com- 

 pared with some other species. 



Rumphii, Miq. Usually low, but said to be tall in 

 the wild : crown large and full : the lvs. 3-6 ft. 

 long and 12-18 in. wide ; pinnae pale, thin, lanceo- 

 late, 12-14 in. long and % in. wide ; petiole spiny. 

 E. Ind. 



Belleffinti, Lind. & Rod. Stem short, cylindrical 

 and rif-ri : lvs. long anil graceful, recurved, the 

 linrar-lanrfulate slightly falcate, sessile pinnie en- 

 tin- and plane on the border, somewhat glaucous ; 

 prtioles spinuloseat the base. China. l.H. 33: 586. 



m6dia, R. Br. Tall(10-15 ft. ) , the trunk cylindrical, 

 bearing a large crown : lvs. curved downwards, 

 4 ft. or more long, elliptic or lanceolate ; pinnae 

 numerous, linear and pointed ; petiole convex below, 

 flat or nearly so on top. Australia. l.H. 26: 368. 



Names which have appeared in the Amer. trade are : 

 C. Comoriensis^'i — C. XMman7ii = Encephalartos Leh- 

 manni. — r. Neo-Caled6?iica, Lind. Much like C. circinalis, 

 but the fronds narrower and the pinnje closer. C. San- 

 deridna = ? 



Other cidtivated Cycads are : C. Beddoniei, Dyer. Per- 

 haps a small form of C. circinalis. E. Ind.— C. Norman- 

 hyana, Mnell. Lvs. oblone-ovate, with numerous linear 

 pinnEB 6 in. long. Australia.— C, pectinafa. Griff. Stem 

 short, sending up very long, rich green, phiine-likc, semi- 

 erect lvs., with long, thin, blnnt-tipped pinnav Ind. (i.F. 

 4:114. Said to be the finest species.— r. Fiuniininna, 

 Kegel. Stem rather stout: lvs. bright green, erect, spread- 

 ing in a v;i.se-form crown, the pinnje fine-pointed. Philip- 

 pines. 1. H. II: 405.— C. Siamensis, Miq. Much like C. cir- 

 cinalis: lvs. 2-4 ft. long, bright green, graceful : trunk much 

 swollen at the base. Siam and Cochin China. l.H. 

 28:433. R. H. 1881. p. 397. ^ H. B. 



CtCLAMEN (classical 

 name, probably from the 

 <Treek word for circle, in 

 allusion to the spirally 

 twisted peduncles). 

 PrimulAcea^. A dozen or 

 more species, mostly of 

 the Mediterranean re- 

 gion and the Caucasus. 

 Herbaceoiis and low, 

 from a flattish tuber or 

 corm : fi. single, on a scape, 

 with usually 5-parted calyx and 

 corolla (the parts strongly re- 

 flexed), 5 connivent stamens, 

 with pointed, sessile anthers, 

 1 style and .stigma, and a5-split- 

 ting capsule. C latifolium is 

 the source of the .standard flo- 

 rists' Cyclamens. Most of the 

 other species are grown only 

 as curiosities in this country; 

 and they are essentially out- 

 door plants. Old English name 

 Sowbread, from the tubers be- 

 ing sought by swine. Con- 



