50H 



DRYNARIA 



DKYNARIA (Greek, nnl.--like). PohjpodiAcea. A 

 genus of 10 or more East Indian ferns, with round naked 

 sori, allied to Polypodium, but with a tine net-work of 

 veins, with free included veinlets, and with either a 

 separate oak-like leaf or with the lower portion of the 

 spur-bearing leaf deeply piunatitid like an oak leaf. D. 

 quercifolia, with two sorts of Ivs.. the spore-bearing 

 2-3 ft. long, is the commonest species. D. rigidula, 

 Sw. {D. dlversifdlla, R. Br.), a similar but larger 

 species from the same region, also appeared at one time 

 in the American trade, but the species are seldom seen 

 in cultivation in this country. D. wasmfdlia is occa- 

 sionally seen in fine collections, where it is grown 

 for its striking, simple foliage, which reminds one 

 of the Bird's Nest Fern (Tharanopteris). It is really a 

 Polypodium, which see for description. 



L. M. Underwood. 



DETdPTERIS (Oreek, oak-fern). Pohjpodictcea;. 

 ^Vouii Fi:kn. .V wiiifly distributed genus of handsome 

 ferns witli dissiM-tcd foliage and bearing round sori 

 covered with heart-shaped or reniform indusia, which 

 are fi.xed at the center or along the sinus. The veins 

 are either wholly free or the lowest united. A consider- 

 able number of our common wood ferns belong to this 

 genus. The s]K-ci,-s li.ivc l.rcTi \arinuslv known under 

 the names Lnstr.M. A^|.i.l)uiii, and Nr|.li'n.(liuni. Other 

 species soin.-tniii's i-.tri-i<<l i" iiii-Ua- this >;riius may be 

 found under INily^tu-liuju. Fuv IK acrustichnidea, see 

 Poli/atichum ; for i>. decnrrens, see Sagnnia, In North 

 America, known mostly as Aspidiums. For culture, see 

 Ferns. Not the same as Doryopteris. 



A. Veins entirely free. 

 B. Pinme lobed less than one-third to midrib. 

 hlrtipes, Kuiitze (Afephrddiiim hlrtipix.Hodk.). Lvs. 

 2-'.i ft. loiiL^, h-llj in. broad, on stalks clctlied wuth dense 

 black scab's ; ]iinnEB with broad, blunt loties, the lower 

 ones not reduced in size : sori medial on the lobes. In- 

 dia, 

 BB. Pinn(P cleft nearly to midrib, or Ivs. bipinnate 



or tripinnatifid. 



c. Texture thin, membranous ; veins simple or once 



forked. 



D. Lower pinner gradually reduced to mere lobes. 



Noveborac^nsis, Gray (-1. •-7) Will HI Xoveborncinse, Sw, 



Lvs. somewhat clustered from creeping rootstocks, pale 



green, 1-2 ft. long, tapering both ways from the middle 



Canada to N. C. and Ark. 



Fischerl, Mett {Lastrea opdca, Mett). Lvs. 6-8 in 

 long, 2-3 in. wide, bipinnatifid, cut into close, entire 

 lobes, the lowest much reduced; surfaces smooth. Braz 



DD. Lower pinnce scarcely smaller than those above 

 E. Veins forked. 

 Thel^pteris, Gray (Aspidium Thelypteris, Sw. ) 

 Marsh Fern. Lvs. scattered on wide creeping black 

 rootstocks, 1-2 ft. long ; margins of the spore-bearing 

 pinnae often strongly convolute: sori 10-12 to each seg 

 ment. Canada to Fla. and Tex. 



EE. Veins simple. 



simuljlta, Dav. Lvs. scattered from a creeping root- 

 stock, 8-20 in. long, 2-7 in. wide, with 12-20 pairs of 

 lanceolate pinnte : sori rather large, somewhat distant, 

 4-10 to each segment. Native in N. Y. and N. Eng. , 

 where it is often confused with I). Thelypteris. G.F. 

 9:485. 



p&tens, Kuntze. Lvs. clustered at the end of a thick 

 rootstock, 2-3 ft. long, 4-10 in. wide, soft-hairy be- 

 neath ; pinnae cut three-fourths to the midrib, the basal 

 segments usually longer. Fla. to Tex. and Trop. Amer. 

 A.G. 20:25. 



CC Texture firm or subcoriaceous ; veins 2-4 times 



forked. 

 D. Lvs. bipinnatifid or nearly bipinnate: indusia 



large, mostly flat. 



cri8t4ta, Gray [Aspidium cristdtum, Sw.). Lvs. 1-2 



ft. long, with short, triangular pinnae 2-3 in. long, which 



DRYOPTERIS 



are much wider at base. Var. Clintoniiina is larger, 

 with pinnae 4-6 in. long, and with the sori rather near 

 the midvein. Canada to Ark.; also in N. Eu. Hybrids 

 are described with D. marginalis. G.F. 9:445. 



Goldieana, (Tray (Ax/ii,liiim <i,,/,li,:iinitii.tiw.). Lvs. 

 gruwiiis; ill hir^'i' crowns, I-t ft. Imi^;-. IL' IH in. wide, the 

 pinna' bro:i(lest at iln- iijnl.ll.' : in.lusia very large. 

 Canada to Ky. — One of our largest and most stately na- 

 tive species. 



DD. Lvs. mostlif bipinnate: indusia convex, rather 

 firm. 



Fllix-m48, Schott [A.ipldium F)lix.-tnds, Sw.). Male 

 Fekn. Lvs. growing in crowns, 1-3 ft. long, sori near 

 the midvein. Used as a vermifuge, as is also the next 

 species. N. Eu., Canada and Colo. 



743. Dryopteris mareinal 



marginillB, Gray {A.ipldiiim mnrgindle, Sw.). Fig. 

 743. Lvs. 6 in. to 2 ft. Iniig. growing in crowns, mostly 



in I ky places: sori close to the margin. Canada and 



southward. — One of our commonest ferns. 



DDD. Lvs. mostly tripinnatifid ; segments spinulose- 



toothed : indusia shriveling at maturity. 



E. Leaf-stalks naked, polished. 



virid6scen3, Kuntze. Lvs. 18-24 in. long, on stalks 



two-thirds as long; lower pinnse largest: sori near the 



midribs. Japan. 



EE. Leaf-stalks scaly. 

 spinulbsa, Kuntze [Aspidium spittuldsum, Sw.). 

 Lvs. ovati'-lani'i'ohife, with a few pale, deciduous scales 

 at the b:is.' : imlusia smootli, without niarKinal ghmds. 

 Var. intermedia, riiderw., lias more porsistent scales, 

 with a lirown center, and the margins of tlie indusia 

 with stalked glands. One of our commonest wood ferns 

 in the northern states. — Var. dilat^ta, Underw., has 

 similar scales to the last and tripinnate lvs. In woods, 

 from Canada to Ore. ; also in Europe. 



Boftttii, Underw. (Aspidium Bodttii, Tuckm.). Lvs. 

 elongate-lanceolate, with broadly oblong pinnules : in- 

 dusia minutely glandular. Canada, N. Y. and N. Eng. 



DDDD. Lvs. ample, 4-5-pinnatifid. 



efftisa, Kuntze. Lvs. 3-4 ft. long, 2 ft. or more wide, 

 with polished stems and short, creeping rootstocks : 

 sori abundant, scattered, often without indusia. Cuba 

 to Brazil. 



diss^cta, Kuntze {LuKtrra membriniifoliu, Hort.). 

 Lvs. 1-.-. ft. Ion-. 1-3 ft. wide, meinbraiious, diconipound; 

 segments l.rnad :iiiil l.iiinf ; surfaces nearly naked: sori 

 near the margin, abundant. Inilia and Mad:igascar to 

 Australia. 



aa. Veins not entirely free, thelower veinlets of adjoin- 

 ing segments tinited. 



Ot&ria, Kuntze (i/ns/«a aristdta, Hort.). Lvs. 1 ft. 

 long, with a long terminal pinnae an inch or more wide, 

 with lanceolate lobes, and 6-12 similar lateral pinn»; 

 texture thin : surfaces naked ; veins miited half way 

 from the midrib to the edge. Ceylon to the Philippines. 

 — Good for table ferneries, but slow of growth. 



