DRYOPTERIS 



DYPSIS 



509 



mdllis, Kuntze. Lvs. 1-2 ft, long:, 8-12 in. wide, bipin- 

 natitid, the pinnae cut into blunt lobes; lower pinnae dis- 

 tant from the others and somewhat shorter ; surfaces 

 finely villose. Trop. regions of both hemispheres. 

 Probably several S[tecies are confused under this name. 



Philippin§nsi5, Raker. Lvs. 2-;! ft. long, 12-18 in. wide, 



bipinnatitltl. mi th, with a naked rachis; lower pinnie 



scarcely sniallir: sori midway from midrib to margin, 

 with tirni, sniuoth indusia. Philippines. 



L. M. Underwood. 



DUCHfiSNEA. See Fragaria. 



DUCK-WEED. Lemna. 



DUCKWHEAT. Some years aso, as the story goes, 

 a man in New England shot a wild duck, and in the 

 <*rop found strange seeds. These seeds were planted, 

 and the flour from the grain was found to make good 

 pancakes. He increased his stock to hundreds of 

 bushels. The grain was offered by seedsmen as Duck- 

 wheat. It seems not to have had great popularity, and 

 for the past 2 or 3 years it evidently has not appeared 

 in catalogues. It turns out that this grain is the India 

 wheat or Tartarian buckwheat, _fV;7opyr»m Tatariciiv\ , 

 an Asian grain, which has been known in this country 

 for some time. It is earlier than buckwheat, but is very 

 similar to it. See Buckwheat and Fagopyrum, 



DODAIM MELON. See Ciiciimis. 



DUFOUR, JOHN JAMES. A Swiss vigneron, who was 

 at the liead of a (M.Iuny to grow the wine grape in Ken- 

 tucky, :ind the uuilior .if "Vine Dresser's Guide," pub- 

 lished in Cincinnati in 182G. The Kentucky experiment 

 failed, and the colony then settled in southern Indiana, 

 on the banks of the Ohio river; and this settlement is 

 now the city of Vevay. Here Dufour died in 1827. This 

 Indiana experiment brought out the merits of the 

 Alexander grape, a native, and thereby did much to es- 

 tablish an American viticulture. For detailed account 

 of the Dufours and their associates, and the results of 

 their work, see Bailey, Evolution of our Native Fruits. 



DU6U£TIA (probably made from a personal name). 

 AnonAcece. A dozen South American trees dilfering 

 from Anona in technical characters, particularly in the 

 imbricated petals, which are wide-spreading in flower 

 (in Anona the petals are valvate). D. longifdlia, Baill. 

 (Andna longifdlia, Aubl.), is a small tree: lvs. oblong- 

 acuminate, mucronate and smooth : fls. axillary and 

 stalked, the 2 series of petals much alike; inflorescence 

 lateral; outer stamens sterile and petaloid: fr. ovate- 

 globose, dotted and reticulated, nearly smooth, flesh- 

 colored. Guiana and Peru. Recently introduced into 

 southern Florida as a fruit-plant, but very little known. 



L. H. B. 



DULtCHIUM (old Latin name). Ci/perdcecp. One 

 ]>erennial species (/>. Spathdceum, Pers.), in eastern 

 N. Amer. Grass-like, with terete leafy culms, 2-3 ft. 

 tall : grows in ponds and swales. Has been offered by 

 collectors as a bog plant. 



DtlBANTA (after Castor Durantes, physician and 

 botanist, clieii l.-.'.IO). Verliendcefe. About 10 species of 

 tropical Ainerican shrubs, of which 2 kinds are culti- 

 vated outdoors in Florida and California, and in a few 

 northern greenhouses. The best known kind has long 

 racemes of blue, 5-lobed fls., followed by yellow berries 

 which remain all winter. It is said to be used for orna- 

 mental hedges in warm regions. Shrubs, glabrous or 

 ■woolly, often armed with axillary spines: lvs. opposite 

 or in whorls, entire or toothed: racemes long and ter- 

 minal or short and axillary: fls. small, short-pedicelled 

 in the axis of a small bract ; corolla limb of 5 spreading 

 oblique or equal lobes; stamens i, didynamous. 

 A. Stems withntit prickles. 



Plumifiri, Jaeq. Golde.n Dew Drop. Shrub, 6-15 ft. 

 high: branches ash-colored, villous: lvs. opposite, ellip- 

 tic, acute, entire or obtusely and unequally saw-toothed 

 above the middle: fls. pale blue or lilac, with 2 purple 

 streaks down the middle of the 2 smaller and narrower 

 lobes. The above description is from B.R. 3:244, where 

 it is said that another plant was cultivated which had 

 long lanceolate lvs., with deep, close saw-teeth and green 

 branches. There is a white-fld. variety. 



AA. Stems icilh a few prickles or spines. 

 Ellisia, .Jacq. This is at least horticulturally distinct 

 from the above by reason of the lighter color of its fls., 

 but it has been lately referred to D. Plumieri. B.M. 

 1759 shows the lower half of each lobe white, and a few 

 short spines on the stem. It adds, "two kinds |of 

 Duranta], one with thorns and one constantly without, 

 are • * * cultivated. The lvs. of the smooth are larger 

 and more coarsely serrated, and the branches more 

 rounded than in the prickly Duranta." \^^ jyj^ 



DUSTY MILLER. Liiehni 

 of Centauria and Seiucio. 



also species 



DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES, Dlcentra CucuUaria. 



DUTCHMAN'S PIPE is Aristolochia. 



DUVAUA. A synonym of Schinus. 



D'tCEIA (after Prince Salm-Dyck, German botanist, 

 and .luthor of a great work on succulent plants). 

 Bromeliilcew. About 57 species of succulent plants 

 from South America, somewhat resembling century 

 plants, but with smaller spines, as a rule, and flowering 

 regularly. They are usually stemless, and the lvs. form 

 dense rosettes. For culture, see Agave. They are 

 rarely cultivated in Florida and California, and in a few 

 northern collections. The following have showy yellow 

 fls. Latest monograph in Latin by C. Mez in DC. 

 Monogr. Phan. vol. 9 (1896). 



A. Inflorescence amply branched or panieled. 



altissima, Lindl. Lvs. spiny at the margin : floral 

 bracts small, all manifestly shorter than the fls. Braz. 

 Baker's plant of this name is really l>. encholirioides, 

 Mez, which is distinguished by the filaments. Beyond 

 the tube they are free in the tree Z>. altissima, while in 

 Baker's plant they are grown together about a twelfth 

 of an inch. The sepals are obtuse in Lindley's plant, but 

 acute in Mez's. 



A.i. Inflorescence not branched, a raceme or spike. 



B. Fls. with scarcely any pedicel; filaments form-ing 



a tube. 



rari!16ra, Schult. Lvs. with small spines on the mar- 

 gin, shorter than in D. altissima : sepals not emargi- 

 nate at the apex : upper sheaths of the scape shorter 

 than the internodes. Braz. B.M. 3449. B.R. 21:1782. 



BB. Fls. with a short but conspicuous pedicel; fila- 

 ments not forming a tube all the way. 

 c. Fls. loosely disposed, erect. 

 gemell&ria, Morr. This is the plant which Baker calls 

 I), sutphurea, not Koch's plant. 



cc. Fls. more densely disposed, spreading. 

 sulphdrea, C. Koch, not Baker. Lvs. with small spines 

 at the margin: sheaths of the scape longer than the in- 

 ternodes, the higher ones entire: bracts lanceolate, the 

 lowest conspicuously longer than the pedieelled fls. : 

 blades of the petals wide and longer than the stamens, 

 Brazil. W. M. 



DYER'S WEED. Reseda Luteola. 



D'tPSlS (obscure name). Palm&ceie, tribe Areaie. 

 Perhaps half a dozen species of Madagascar palms that 

 have been poorly described and are little known. They 

 are all small, unarmed palms, with reed-like stems. Lvs. 

 terminal, entire, bifld at the apex or pinnatisect ; seg- 

 ments split at the apex or irregularly toothed, the apical 

 ones confluent: sheath short: sp.adices long, loosely fld. : 

 fruit small, oblong or ovoid, straight or curved, oblique 

 at the base. 



No species of Dypsis are common in cultivation, as 

 they possess but little beauty. They are among the 

 easiest and quickest to germinate. All of them require 

 a stove temperature. D. Madagascarihisis, Nicholson, 

 is also known as Areca Madagascarihisis, Mart. I). 

 pinnatifrons. Mart. (A. gracilis, Thou.i, is one of sev- 

 eral plants that have been known as Areca gracilis. It 

 is a pretty palm, now grown in large quantities by somo 

 dealers. Jaked G. Smith and G. W. Oliver. 



