ERYTHRONIUM 



ESCHSCHOLZIA 



549 



Var. albifldrum, Hort, (E. ii!(iii>ileHm,xa.T.al!)ifldru>n, 

 Hort. E. .jrandHlonim, yjr. •ilhi fidriim , Hook.}. This 

 differs froui var. (l'f;/.s(t*// uiilv in being pure wliite. 

 with a delicate greenish east. B.M. 5714. P. S. 20:2117. 

 G.C. III. 3:55B; 15:621. 



BB. Style not divided. 



citrinum, TVats. Lvs. mottled: stem 1-3-fld. : petals 

 broad, strongly recurved, light yellow, orange at center, 

 the tips becoming pink. 



Hfindersonii, Wats. Lvs. mottled in dark brown : 

 petals strongly recurved, pale purple, with a very dark 

 purple, almost black, center. G.F. 1:317. G.C. III. 

 3:653; 15:623. B.M. 7017. 



purpur4scen8, Wats. Lvs. not mottled but shaded in 

 dark metallic tints: small, spreading fls. crowded in a 

 raceme, light yellow (almost white), center orange, be- 

 coming purplish. — The smallest of our Erythroniums. 

 Properly an alpine. 



Hdwellii, Wats. Lvs. mottled: scape 1-3-fld. : fls. pale 

 yellow witla orange base, becoming pinkish. — Of the 

 Pacific coast Erythroniums, this alone is destitute of 

 the ear-shaped appendages at inner base of petal. 



Carl Purdy. 



ERYTHR6XYLUM (Greek, red wood: true of some 

 species). Liniceif. Coca. The Coca plant, the lvs. of 

 which are of vast importance in medicine, can be grown 

 in the extreme south of Florida and California, and is 

 rarely cult, under glass in the North for its economic 

 interest. It is a shrub 5-6 ft. high, with rusty brown, 

 slender branches, on the extreme tips of which the lvs. 

 are borne. Below the lvs., on the wood of the preceding 

 year, which is reddish, clusters of 3-5 yellow 5-lobed 

 fls. a quarter of an inch across spring from the protec- 

 tion of the small scales that line the branchlets, and 

 which are colored like the bark. The native country of 

 the Coca being still uncertain, it is necessary for purposes 

 of description to take as the type the earliest described 

 form, which happens to be a Peruvian one, named by 

 Lamarck Urythroxyltim Coca, and figured in the Botani- 

 cal Magazine 1894, plate 73.'!4. The lvs. of this form are 

 about 2)-2 in. long, oblong-obovate, tapering to a short 

 stalk, rounded at the apex, the midrib extending beyond 

 into a short, sharp point. 



Coca is grown commercially on a large scale through- 

 out South America. Peru produces fifteen million 

 pounds of the dried leaf every year, Bolivia half as 

 much, and the rest of South America very much more. 

 The lvs. are chewed to prevent hunger and fatigue. 

 Dr. H. H. Rusby, of New York, in the Therapeutic 

 Gazette, says, ''The effects of Cocaine as a nerve stimu- 

 lus applied to intellectual and emotional activity are 

 ruinous. It takes away appetite, abolishes the sensa- 

 tions of hunger and thirst, lessens waste during exer- 

 tion, and decreases the exhaustion of ill-fed laborers 

 and travelers. Beyond this. Cocaine has no supporting 

 or nourishing power whatever, and its essential action 

 is enfeebling. Every attempt made to support by it 

 athletic competition has resulted in failure or even 

 disaster." Cocaine is an excellent anaesthetic, and is 

 particularly useful in operations on the eye. Coca 

 should not be confused with Cocoa and Cacao, which 

 are discussed under Theohroma. The literature of 

 Coca, from every point of view down to the year 1889, is 

 reviewed in the Kew bulletin for that year. -^y jyj 



ESC&LLONIA (Escallon was a Spanish traveler in 

 S, Amer. ). Saxifragdcece. About 40 South American 

 evergreen shrubs or trees, with scattered entire or ser- 

 rate, ovate or lanceolate lvs , viscid branches, strong- 

 odorous fls. in terminal racemes or panicles : petals 5, 

 linear-spatulate ; stamens 5 ; anthers ovate-oblong ; 

 style simple, the stigma capitate and 2-3-lobed: ovary 

 2-3-loculed. A few species have been introduced in the 

 S., chiefly in S. Calif. They are of easy culture; rapid 

 growers. Some of them will no doubt prove half hardy 

 as far north as Washington. Spring and summer. 



Monte vidSnsis, DC. {E. florlMnda, Hort.). Nearly 

 erect bush, branches cylindrical : lvs. 2—4 in. long, elliptic 

 or linear-oblong, obtuse or nearly so, narrowed into a 

 distinct petiole, minutely dentate : fls. white, K in. 



across, in a large, terminal panicle-like cyme. B.M. 

 6404. B.R. 17:1467. 



pulverul^nta, Pers. (E. BerteriAna, DC). Shrubs, 

 hairy all over : lvs. elliptic and obtuse, serrate : fls. 

 white, in erect, terminal racemes : branches trigonal. 



virgita, Pers. {E. PhilippiAna, Mast. E. virgdta, 

 var. Philippi&na , Engl.). Half-hardy shrub south of 

 Washington, with rod-like light brown branches : lvs. 

 nearly sessile, not glandular nor odorous, linear or 

 oblong-spatulate, serrate : fls. white, small, in dense 

 racemes terminating the branchlets. 



Organfinsis, Gardu. Half hardy S., 2-5 ft., branches 

 red and angled : lvs. elliptic or oblong, crowded, serrate, 

 glossy: fls. pink, in close, terminal clusters. B.M. 4274. 

 — Excellent. 



rilbra, Pers. Twiggy shrub, glandular-pubescent: lvs. 

 rather small, obovate-lanceolate, sharp-toothed : fls. 

 long-tubular, red, in short, terminal clusters. B.M. 2890 



L. H. B. 



ESCHSCHdLZIA (J. F. Eschscholz, of Kotzebue's 

 scientific expedition). Papaver&cew. About a dozen 

 low, pale or glaucous herbs, annual or perennial, with 

 dissected, alternate lvs., and large, showy yellow or 

 whitish fls.: sepals 2; petals 4; stamens numerous; 

 stigmas 4-6: capsule long and slender like a silique, 

 1-loculed. The calyx forms a hood which is pushed off 

 over the bud as the petals expand (see detail at the left 

 in Fig. 780). The torus or receptacle (from which the 

 capsule arises) is prominently widened or dilated. 

 Monogr. in Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1:90-92. Commonly 

 spelled Eschscholtzia. 



Californica (XK). 



Califdmica, Cham. California Poppy. Fig. 780. 

 Perennial, but cult, as an annual, 10-20 in. high, form- 

 ing mats: lvs. petioled and divided into linear parts: 



