PICEA 



PICEA 



1333 



D. Jji'S. spreading, very rigid, 



sharply pointed 1 . 



DD. Ijvs. pointing forward, not 



very rigid. 



"S,. Length of Ivs. %-2 in., or 



sometimes a little 



shorter in No. S: young 



branch lets glabrous , 



grayish yellow 2. 



8. 

 EE. Length of Ivs. Vi-l in., 

 shorter only in divarf 

 vars.: young branchlets 



brown 4. 



5. 

 EEE. Length of Irs. 2}4-^ lines. C. 

 C. Cones y^-2 in. long. 



D. Yoxmg branches pubescent. . 7. 



8. 



polita 



Smithiana 

 Schrenkiana 



obovata 

 excelsa 

 orientalis 



rubra 

 nigrra 



DD. Young branches glabrous, 



light brownish yellow .... 9. alba 



BB. Scales of cone oblong or rhom- 



boidal, erose at the margin and 



usually striate and undulate, 



thin, very loosely appressed or 



slightly spreading 10. Engelmanni 



11. pungens 



AA. Lvs. more or less flattened, with 



white lines on the upper side, 



green on the lotver one. 



B. Cone - scales rhomboidal, erose- 



dentictilate, loose : lvs. much 



flattened 12. Sitchensis 



13. Ajanensis 

 B. Cone-scales orbicular or obovate, 

 closely appressed : lvs. quad- 

 rangular, somewhat flattened.. \i. bicolor 

 C. Branchlets rather short, not or 



little pendulous 15. Omorika 



CC. Branchlets very long and slen- 

 der, pendulous 16. Breweriana 



1. polita, Carr. (P. Tord,no, Koehne. P. bicolor, 

 Hort., not Maxim.). Tree, to 90 ft., forming a dense, 

 broad pyramid, with rigid stout branches when young, 

 older trees witli the habit of P. excelsa, with somewhat 

 pendulous branches: young branches thick, glabrous, 

 yellowish brown: lvs. rigid, thicker than broad, often 

 falcate, shining dark green, 3^-1 in. long: pistillate fls. 

 green, staminate yellowish : cone oblong, 4-5 in. long, 

 brown, glossy; scales with finely denticulate margin. 

 Japan. S.Z. 2:111. G.C. II. 13 :l'.33; III. 21:251. Gn. 

 13, p. 239. — One of the most distinct Spruces; of very 

 striking appearance with its rigid spiny lvs. spreading 

 in all directions from the stout branches. 



2. Smithi&na, Boiss. (P. Morinda, Link. P. Kliut- 

 row, Carr.). Tree, to 150 ft., with wide-spreading 

 branches and slender pendulous branchlets : lvs. 

 crowded, usually thicker than broad, acute, bright or 

 dark green, M-2 in. long: pistillate fls. purple: cones 

 5-7 in. long, dark brown and glossy; scales suborbicu- 

 lar, with entire margin, firm. Himalayas. G.C. II. 

 24:393. Gn. 19, p. 359; 35, p. 599; 39, p. 72.-One of the 

 most graceful Spruces; tender in New England. The 

 young growth starts very early and is liable to be in- 

 jured by frost in spring, especially when planted in 

 warm and damp situations. 



3. Sclirenki§,na, Fisch. & Mey. {P. obovdta, var. 

 Schrenkidna, Carr.). Tall pyramidal tree, with pendu- 

 lous branchlets, somewhat similar in habit to P. excelsa : 

 lvs. equally 4-sided, acute, somewhat dull green, %-\% 

 in. long, on young plants often slightly shorter: cones 

 cylindric-ovate, 3-4 in. long; scales with entire margin. 

 Cent. Asia. — Said to be very similar in habit to P. Smith- 

 iana. But recently introduced and only small plants 

 are known in cultivation; quite hardy. 



4. obovita, Ledeb. (P. excelsa, var. obovcUa, C. Koch). 

 Tree, to 100 ft., similar in habit to the following, with 

 somewhat pendulous branchlets : young branches 

 brown, glabrous or slightly pubescent: lvs. quadrangu- 

 lar, acute, dull or bluish green, K-% in. long: pistillate 

 fls. purple : cone oblong-ovate, light brown, about 2K in. 



long; scales with entire margin. N. Eu. to Kamschatka 

 and Manchuria. Gn. 20, p. 91. R.H. 1894, p. 274. Mn. 

 5, p. 189. — Of slower growth than P. excelsa and more 

 graceful. 



5. exc61sa, Link. (P. Abies, Karst. ). Norway 

 Spruce. Figs. 1795-7. Tree, to 150 ft., with spreading 

 branches and usually pendulous branchlets: bark red- 

 dish brown: young branches brown, glabrous or pubes- 

 cent: lvs. quadrangular, acute, dark green and usually 

 shining, 3^-1 in. long: staminate and pistillate fls. 

 bright piirple: cones cylindric-oblong, 4-7 in. long, 

 light brown; scales obovate, with erose-denticulate 

 margin. N. and M. Eu. Em. 1:102. Mn. 4, p. 185; 6, 

 p. 85. —This tree is extensively planted as an ornamen- 

 tal tree in the northern and eastern states; it is of rapid 

 growth and is a handsome tree, with its graceful habit 

 and dark green, dense foliage, but, like many Spruces 

 and firs, loses much of its beauty when it grows old, 

 and usually after 30 years it becomes thin and ragged 

 in the top. It is one of the best conifers to plant for 

 shelters and wind-breaks. The Norway Spruce is very 

 variable, and a great number of garden forms are in 

 cultivation. Some of the best known are the following: 

 Var. Bdrryi, Hort. Dark green, with vigorous, thick 

 branches and short branchlets. Var. Clanbrasili&na, 

 Loud. A dwarf, compact form, with short, crowded 

 branchlets and small, }4-/4-in. long lvs. There are 

 many other dwarf forms, differing somewhat in habit 

 and foliage, as vars. compdcta, c6nica, difftisa, dumbsa, 

 Ellwangeri4,na, Gregory^na, Mdxwelli (Fig. 1798), mu- 

 ricata, parvifbrmis, prociimbens, piimila, pygmsea, tab- 

 ulaeWrmis. Var. Finedonensis, Gord. Lvs. pale yellow 

 at first, becoming bronzy brown and finally green. Var. 

 inv6rsa, Carr. With drooping branches closely ap- 

 pressed to the stem. Gng. 6:100. Var. monstrdsa, Loud. 

 A form with few, thick branches clothed with rigid, 

 thick lvs. Var. p6ndula, Loud. With irregularly dis- 

 posed pendulous branches and branchlets. Var. pyra- 

 midellis, Carr. With the branches ascending at narrow 

 angles, forming a narrow pyramid. Mn. 6, p. 87. Var. 

 viminiilis, Willd. Branches in remote whorls, almost 

 horizontal, with very long and slender branchlets with- 

 out or with very few lateral 

 branchlets. Var. virg^ta, Jacq. 

 (denuddta, Carr.). Sparingly 

 branched, with long and slender 

 branches destitute of branch- 

 lets, spreading, usually the low- 

 er ones pendulous and the upper 

 ones ascending. R. H. 1854, 

 p. 102. P. excelsa, var. eldta, 

 Hort., is probably a seedling of 

 this variety and an intermedi- 

 ate form toward the type. Gn, 

 3:177. There are also some 

 forms with variegated and yel- 

 low foliage. Two geographical 

 forms of slow growth and dense 

 habit are var. alp6stris, Brligg., 

 from the high Alps, in habit and 

 foliage resembling P. alba, and 

 var. medibxima, Nyl., from N. 

 Eu., in habit and appearance 

 similar to P. orientalis. P. 

 miniata , mentioned in the 

 genus Abies in the supplement- 

 ary list as A. miniata, is a mis- 

 print for A. minuta, which is 

 a synonym of P. excelsa, var. 

 pygm(fa. 



6. orientalis, Carr. Tree, to 

 120 ft., with ascending and 



spreading branches and somewhat pendulous branch- 

 lets : young branches brown, pubescent : lvs. thick, 

 obtuse, dark green and shining, crowded and more 

 or less appressed to the branches: fls. carmine: cone 

 cylindric-ovate, 23^-33^ in. long, less than 1 in. thick: 

 scales orbicular, entire at the margin. W. Asia, Cau- 

 casus. G.C. II. 21:308; 25:333; III. 3:754. A.G. 

 19:649. Mn. 5, p. 189. V. 20:185.-A very graceful 

 Spruce with dark, glossy foliage; of slow growth and 

 therefore valuable for smaller gardens. It holds its 

 lower limbs for many years. 



1796. 

 Cone of Norway Spruce. 



