POMOLOGY 



1403 



1898. Various spraying rigs. 



1. A tall platform rig, to enable one to spray very high trees. 2. A simple barrel outfit for small ordiards uiul 

 small trees. 3. Compressed air outfit. 4. A low rig, with barrel. 



Propo.sed Code fob Pomologicaij Nomenclature. 

 Form of Na.nen. 



1. The names of a variety of fruit shall consist of one word, 

 or at most of two words. 



(a) In selecting names, simplicity, distinctiveness and con- 

 venience are of paramount importance. Pitmaston Green 

 Gage and Louise Bonne de Jersey are neither simple nor 

 convenient. Gold, Golden, Golden Drop, Golden Beauty and 

 Golden Prune, all given to different varieties of plums, are 

 not distinctive. 



(b) The use of such general terms as seedling, hybrid, pip- 

 pin, buerre, damson, etc, is not admissible. 



(c) Nouns must not Vje used in the possessive form. Mc- 

 intosh's Red, Crawford's Early, Bubach's No. 5, must be 

 written Jlelntosh Red, Crawford Early and Bubach. 



The name of no living horticulturist should be applied to 

 a variety without his consent. 



(d) Numbers are to be considered only as temporary expe- 

 dients, to be used while tne variety is under trial. 



(e) An author publishing a new variety should use the 

 name given by the originator, or by the introducer, or else 

 should choose the oldest discoveraV)le local name, provid- 

 ing sucli name may be conformed to these rules without loss 

 of identity 



2. In the full and formal citation of a variety name, the 

 mame of the author who first published It shall also be given. 



(a) Names would then take such forms as the following: 

 Summer Queen, Coxe, or Sophie (J. W. Kerr, Cat., 1894); or 

 America, Burbank, New Creations, 1898, p. 5. 



(6) It is expected that such citations of names will be used 

 only in elaborate works on pomology, in scientific publica- 

 tions, or in eases where they are necessary for clear discrimi- 

 natioii of synonyms. 



Priority. 



3. No two varieties in the same group shall have the same 

 name, and tlie name first published for a variety must always 

 lie used to designate it. All names subsequently published 

 must stand as synonyms. 



(a) The term "group" as here used shall be held to desig- 

 nate the large general groups specified by words in common 

 language, such as raspberry, plum, apricot. 



Publication. 



4. Publication consists in the public distribvition of a printed 

 ■name and description, the latter giving distinguishing char- 

 acters of fruit, tree, etc., or in the publication of a new name 

 for a variety properly described elsewhere. 



(a) Such a publication may be made in any book, hiilletin, 

 report, trade catalogue or periodical, providing the issue 

 bears the date of its publication, and is generally distributed 

 among nurserymen, fruit-growers and horticulturists. 



Revision. 



5. No one is authorized to change a name for any reason ex- 

 cept when it conflicts with these rules. 



There are relatively few special technical terms used 

 in the descriptious of pomologieal fruits. The greater 

 part of them pertaiu to the pome fruits. The diagrams 

 (Figs. 1899, 1901) illustrate some of these terms: 

 Spherical, nearly or quite globular, the two diameters 

 being approximately equal; conical, longitudinal diame- 

 ter equaling or exceeding the transverse diameter, and 

 the shoulders or apex somewhat narrowed; ovate, broad- 

 conical, the base more rounded; oblong, longitudinal 

 diameter distinctly the longer, but the fruit not tapering; 

 oblate, distinctly flattened on the ends. In Fig. 1900 is 

 shown the typical form of the pear, a shape known as 

 pyriform. In the true Japanese or Sand pears, the 

 fruit is usually apple-form. (Fig. 1680.) In Fig. 1901 are 

 shown special parts of the fruit: basin, the depression 

 at the apex, in which is the calyx or eye; cavity, the 

 depression at the base, in which is the stem or stalk; 



suture, or the groove on the side of plums and other 

 fruits; corrugated or furrowed sides. 



If descriptions are to be accurate and comparable, 

 they should characterize all the leading or designative 

 attributes of the fruit, and to a less extent of the plant 

 as a whole. Many persons who are called on to describe 

 varieties have adopted "forms "or regular outlines, in 

 order that all characterizations in any one fruit shall be 

 comparable. The following forms, adopted by Professor 

 Craig, illustrate the points that a good description should 

 cover: 



Name 



form size 



cavity stem . . . 



suture apex . . . 



skin color . .. 



flesh juice . . . 



stone quality. 



flavor season.. 



TREE 



GENERAL NOTES 



Specimens received from Described by Date 



CHERRY Oroup. 



Name 



size form . . . 



color skin 



cavity stem . . . 



basin calyx. . . 



flesh quality. 



texture core 



season 



TREE 



GENERAL NOTES. 



Specimeris received from Described by Date . 



APPLE 



The sources of American pomology — of the species 

 and races of fruits that we cultivate — are chiefly four: 

 (1 ) Original or early importations of western Asian and 

 European fruits; (2) oriental types, from the China 

 Japanese region; (.'?) the introdttction in recent years of 

 fruits from the Russian region ; (4) the development 



